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MASTER 

NEGATIVE 
NO.  94-82011 


11 


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Author: 


Marsh,  Christopher 
Columbus 

Title: 

A  course  of  practice  in 
single-entry  book-keeping 

Place: 

New  York 

Date: 

1864 


94-Bzgn  -/I 

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A  course  of  practice  in  siugle-entry  book-keeping,  im- 
proved by  a  proof  or  balance,  and  applied  to  partnership 
business  ...  By  C.  C.  Marsh  ...  New  York,  D.  Appleton 
and  company,  1859.1864. 

142  p.  incl.  forms.    24*^™. 


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I 


A  COUllSE  OF  PEACTICE 


IN 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOKKEEPING 


IMFRO^^ED 


BY 


A  PROOF  OR  BALANCE, 


AND 


APPLIED   TO  PARTNERSHIP   BUSINESS 


DESIGNED   FOR   TIIE   USE   OF     SDERCIIAN're,    CLERKS,    AND   SCHOOLS;     COMPRISING   A   SERIES   Ot 

MERCANTILE   TRANSACTIONS,    ARRANGED    TO    FORJNI    A    COMPLETE    COURSE    OF   PRACTICE; 

ADAPTED   TO   THE   WHOLESALE   AND    RETAIL   BUSINESS   IN   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


By   C.    C.   marsh,  Accountant, 

AUTUOB  or  "the  TUEOEY  and   practice  op  bank  BOOK-KEEPIXa  AND  JOINT-STOCK  ACCOUNTS   ^ 
"the  SCIENCE  or  DOUBLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPINO  SIMPLIFIED,"  ETC. 


NEAV   YORK: 
D.    APPLETON    AND    COMPANY, 

443  AND   445   BPwOADWAY. 
1864. 


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Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1859, 

By    C.    C.    MAESH, 

in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Southern 

District  of  New  York. 


I 


1 


PREFACE. 


There  are  two  kinds  of  book-keeping — double-entry  and  single-entry.  In 
the  former,  things  and  property  are  personified  and  become  debtors  and  cred- 
itors in  the  same  manner  as  persons  ;  while  in  the  latter,  accounts  are  kept 
only  for  persons,  who  alone  have  accounts  in  a  book  called  a  Leger,  and  be- 
come debtors  and  creditors  as  they  owe  us  or  we  owe  them.  They  are  both 
very  useful  branches  of  practical  knowledge,  and  deserve  attention.  Double- 
entry  has  received  a  large  share  of  attention  by  authors  who  have  written 
on  it,  but  it  appears  that  single-entry  has  not ;  for  among  tlie  numerous  sys- 
tems that  have  of  late  been  published,  not  one  is  an  attempt  to  improve 
single-entry.  This  state  of  things,  however,  is  not  pecuhar  to  this  subject ; 
we  often  witness  neglect  where  attention  is  most  needed. 

I  have  not  attempted  to  improve  the  single-entry  method  of  keeping  ac- 
counts by  complicating  it  —  by  rendering  it  half  double  and  half  single. 
The  method  is  strictly  and  purely  what  ought  to  be  understood  as  smgle-entry 
book-keeping. 

That  method  of  keeping  accounts  commonly  denominated  single-entry  has 
always  possessed  one  great  fault  or  defect,  viz.,  inability  to  prove  that  the 
accounts  were  free  from  errors.  In  consequence  of  this  deficiency,  innumera- 
ble errors  may  pass  for  ever  undiscovered,  perhaps  to  the  great  pecuniary 
loss  of  the  person  in  whose  books  they  exist. 

My  aim  in  this  book  has  been  to  banish  from  the  single-entry  method  that 
great  and  other  small  faults,  and  to  place  before  the  public  a  criterion  for 
the  simpler  method  of  keeping  accounts,  so  that  it  may  be  taught  to  advan- 
tage in  our  schools,  since  it  is  much  practised  out  of  them ;  and  that  it 
may  be  practised  with  better  success  by  those  who  choose  to  adopt  the 
method  of  single-entry  in  the  accounts  of  their  business. 

The  first  improvement  is  the  proof  or  Trial  Balance :  the  absence  of  a 
proof  has  been  the  well-known  objection  to  single-entry.  It  can  not  now  be 
urged,  for  it  is  cancelled  in  this  volume.  Accounts  can  be  kept  by  single- 
entry  and  proved  or  balanced  monthly,  quarterly,  or  yearly,  with  the  same 
precision  as  in  double-entry.  The  plan  proposed  in  this  system  enables  us 
to  prove  that  every  sum  in  the  Ledger  is  posted  correctly ;  that  every  col- 
umn of  figures,  long  or  short,  is  added  correctly,  and  that  every  balance  is 
correctly  struck  or  obtained.     This  proof  is  as  conclusive  as  the  proof  in 


W 


%. 


PREFACE. 


the  science  of  double-entry  book-keeping — tlie  difference  being,  tliat  in 
donbloentry  tlie  Leger  contains  more  accounts,  viz.,  accounts  for  all  our 
property,  as  well  as  of  the  i)ersons  whom  we  owe  or  who  owe  us. 

In  the  second  place,  I  have  introduced  the  common  account-books  so  ne- 
cessary in  every  business,  given  to  them  definite  forms  and  rules,  and  filled 
thera  with  mercantile  transactions  —  not  transactions  unconnected  and  in)- 
probable,  but  regularly-connected  incidents,  such  as  would  be  produced  by 
the  natural  routine  of  business.  Let  it  not  be  imagined  that  simply  buying 
and  selling  merchandise  are  all  the  transactions  that  occur  in  business,  be- 
cause they  are  far  short  of  it.  A  i^ierchant  buys,  sells,  receives  payment, 
pays,  borrows,  lends,  exchanges,  draws,  accepts,  and  performs  many  other 
transactions,  most  of  which  would  be  materially  changed  by  a  slight  varia- 
tion in  the  conditions.  It  must,  therefore,  be  apparent,  since  book-keeping 
is  the  disposition  of  business  transactions  in  certain  account-books,  that  there 
is  no  effectual  method  of  teacliing  book-keeping  but  that  of  conducting  the 
pupil  through  a  variety  of  business  transactions ;  by  his  making  the  entries 
of  each  as  it  occurs,  and  becoming  familiar  with  the  account-books  from  fre- 
quently using  them. 

The  importance  of  a  comprehensive  variety  of  business  is  not  equalled  by 
anything  in  making  up  a  course  of  practice  for  the  student  to  pass  through  ; 
it  is  as  impossible  to  learn  book-keeping  without  a  sufficient  variety  of  trans- 
actions, as  it  is  to  learn  to  swim  without  a  sufficient  quantity  of  water.  If 
no  business  transactions  are  i)resented,  no  ideas  of  book-keeping  can  be  com- 
municated. 

Even  with  its  deficiencies,  single-entry  book-keeping  is  more  used  than 
double-entry  ;  and  the  utility  of  a  good  and  an  improved  system  of  the  for- 
mer is  too  apparent  to  be  for  a  moment  doubted.  It  is  wanted  by  thousands 
who  have  not  time  to  acquire  the  double-entry  system  —  by  thousands  who 
imagine  that  their  business  does  not  require  the  double-entry  system  —  by 
thousands  who  arc  too  young  to  learn  the  double-entry  system,  and  who  re- 
quire a  course  preparatory  to  studying  double-entry  book-keeping. 

The  plan  or  order  of  the  contents  is  simple,  and  can  not  but  meet  with 
the  approval  of  all  wlio  may  have  occasion  to  use  the  book  in  schools  or  for 
self-instruction.  The  first  part  of  the  volume,  about  fifty  pages,  supplies  the 
business  for  the  pupil.  The  transactions  that  make  up  the  three  months, 
are  more  than  a  hundred  in  number,  and  being  varied  and  business-like,  are 
calculated  fully  to  develop  the  practice  of  the  art,  and  to  give  a  serviceable 
knowledge  of  trade  and  commercial  intercourse.  Accompanying  each  of 
these  transactions  is  an  explanation,  informing  the  student  to  what  account 
books  he  will  turn,  and  what  entries  the  transaction  requires.  Tlie  second 
part  of  the  volume  contains  the  account  books  in  which  the  l)usiness  embraced 
In  the  first  part  is  properly  entered  or  disposed  of.     This  arrangement  makes 


1 


t 


PREFACE.  b 

one  part  of  the  book  the  art,  and  the  other  part  the  instruction ;  a  much 
better  plan,  I  think,  than  that  of  amalgamating  the  two :  the  latter  robs 
the  account  books  of  that  appearance  so  peculiar  to  accounts,  which  it  is 
important  they  should  possess,  and  renders  them  a  kind  of  nondescript. 

In  the  Leger,  it  will  be  observed  that  I  have  not  used  the  prepositions 
To  and  By,  but  have  substituted  that  of  For.  My  reason  for  so  doing  is 
to  make  the  sentences  better  correspond  with  the  meaning.  In  double-entry 
the  To  and  By  are  correct,  because  things  become  debtors  and  creditors  the 
same  as  persons  ;  but  in  single-entry  the  meaning  is  different,  and  we  write— 

John  Sims  Br. 

For  Merchandise $40  00 

by  which  we  mean  that  he  is  debtor  to  us  for  merchandise ;  but  in  double- 
entry  we  write — 

John  Sims            is            Dr.           to  us  for  $40  00 

We  are  Dr.  To  Merchandise $40  00 

and  we  mean,  not  only  that  Sims  is  debtor,  but  also  that  Merchandise  is 
creditor ;  that  is,  Sims  is  debtor  to  us,  and  we  are  debtor  to  Merchandise 
the  words  in  italics  being  understood  in  double-entry. 

It  is  presumed  that  the  forms,  calculations,  questions,  and  answers,  will 
serve  well  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  designed. 

Single-entry  book-keeping,  which  has  heretofore  existed  but  as  a  name  of 
something  imperfect,  is  now  presented  to  the  public  in  a  complete  and  tangi- 
ble form,  improved  by  the  invention  of  a  method  of  proving  or  balancing 
the  accounts,  and  by  being  subjected  to  definite  forms,  books,  and  rules ; 
calculated,  it  is  believed,  to  answer  the  wants  of  the  public  on  this  subject, 
and  to  fill  a  vacancy  of  long  duration  in  the  list  of  necessary  school  books. 


i 


r>IRECTIONS    TO   TEACHERS. 

Supply  the  pupil  with  a  set  of  blank-books  and  a  copy  of  this  work. 
Complete  sets  of  blank-books  for  practice  (six  to  the  set),  arranged  by  the 
author,  may  be  obtained  of  the  publisher. 

The  pupil  will,  thus  prepared,  proceed  with  the  business  of  May,  making 
entries  in  all  the  books,  except  the  Leger,  according  to  the  instruction  which 
follows  each  transaction.     The  entries  in  the  Leger  will  be  commenced  at 

the  end  of  each  month. 

In  the  Dav-Book,  Invoice  Book,  and  Sales  Book,  let  the  entries  be  well 
separated  from  each  other  by  leaving  two  or  three  lines  space  between  them. 
Let  the  pupil  make  all  the  calculations  in  the  Invoice  and  Sales  Books,  draw 
or  write  tne  notes,  and  calculate  the  time  at  which  they  become  due,  for  the 
Bill-Book. 


6 


PREFACE. 


It  may  be  that  I  attach  undue  importance  to  the  branch  to  which  I  have 
devoted  so  many  years  of  my  life  ;  but  I  think  it  is  generally  admitted  that 
book-keeping  receives  too  little  attention  in  schools,  and  I  can  not  pass  this 
opportunity  without  urging  on  you  the  propriety  of  a  renewed  effort  to  raise 
it  to  a  level,  at  least,  with  the  other  branches  usually  taught  in  schools. 
Pupils  are  kept  for  years  studying  grammar,  arithmetic,  writing,  geography, 
&c.,  while  book-keeping  is  often  slighted  over  with  a  few  weeks'  instruction, 
which,  devoted  to  any  other  branch,  would  produce  nothing.  Uow  can  we 
expect  a  scholar  to  learn  book-keeping  in  three  months,  when  it  takes  him 
three  years  to  learn  arithmetic,  or  geography,  or  grammar  ! 

You  are  doubtless  aware  that  a  few  pages  of  bills  of  goods  bought  and 
sold,  which  can  be  written  and  re-writteu  in  a  week's  time,  can  hardly  afford 
material  enough  to  interest  the  pupil,  or  make  an  impression  on  his  mind, 
much  less  to  familiarize  him  in  any  degree  with  the  account  books  in  common 
use,  or  the  commonest  daily  occurrences  in  business.  Hence  the  undeniable 
utility  and  necessity  for  a  large  number  of  business  transactions  arranged 
expressly  to  form  a  long*  course  of  practice,  even  though  many  of  them  be 
repetitions  ;  for  without  the  business  there  would  be  little  to  work  with,  to 
study,  or  to  practise  on.  It  is  not  enough  that  a  pupil  should  understand  ; 
he  should  also  be  able  to  perform,  to  execute  —  and  this  ability  he  cau  ac- 
quire only  by  practice,  which  means  repetition. 

The  course  of  instruction  presented  you  in  these  pages  will  furnish  the 
pupil  in  school  with  about  three  month's  work  in  matters  relating  to  ac- 
counts and  business ;  and  I  doubt  not  that,  under  your  guidance  and  in- 
struction, the  result  will  be,  as  it  should  be,  a  neat  and  well-written  set  op 
BOOKS,  which  will  be  creditable  to  himself  and  gratifying  to  his  parents  and 

friends. 

Among  the  reasons  why  book-keeping  should  form  a  prominent  course  of 
study,  and  why  the  pupil  should  pass  through  it  before  leaving  school,  is 
that,  aside  from  the  ideas  he  is  certain  to  gain  of  accounts,  it  will  review 
him  in  several  of  his  previous  studies.  It  will  put  into  practice  his  arith- 
metic, his  writing,  and  his  orthography ;  it  will  accustom  him  to  a  just  ar- 
rangement of  figures  and  sentences  ;  and  as  the  various  operations  admit  of 
proof  or  balance,  it  will  teach  him  the  importance  of  being  careful  in  order 
to  be  correct. 

This  book  is  designed  to  furnish  a  first  course  in  book-keeping,  and  the 
one  on  double-entry  the  second  course.  Both  books  are  respectfully  sub- 
mitted, hoping  you  will  find  them,  what  they  were  intended  to  be,  convenient 
text-books.  C.  C.  MARSH, 

Counting  Rooms  for  Practice  and  Instruction 
IN  Book-keeping  and  Business  Affairs, 

New  York,  March,  1859.  Broadwaij,  New  York. 


CONTENTS. 

[Part  of  the  book  is  paged  at  the  foot.] 

Preface ^^^^  ^ 

Directions  to  Teachers ^ 

Introduction ^ 

Names  of  Account-Books,  and  their  uses 10 

Rules  for  the  Account-Books H 

Opening  Books  —  Partnership 12 

Business  of  May  — 

Embracing  Thirty-five  Transactions  relating  to  — Opening  of  a  Set 
of  Partnership  Books  — Capital  Advanced— Purchases  for  Cash- 
on  Credit— at  Time,  and  on  Notes  — Delivering  and  Receiving 
Notes  for  former  Purcliases— Lending  Money  —  Settling  Accounts 

—  Paying  Expenses,  &c 12 

Posting,  explanation  of 1^ 

Trial  Balance,  explanation  of 18 

Trial  Balance  of  May  31,  in  Form 19 

Balancing  Cash-Book 20 

Business  of  June  — 

Embracing  about  Fifty  Transactions  relating  to  — Purchases  and 
Sales  — Collections  in  Notes  and  Money— Delivering  our  Notes 
with  Interest — Receiving  Notes  with  Interest — Passing  the  Notes 
of  Others— Accepting  Drafts  — Discounting  Notes  — Discounting 
our  own  Notes — Settling  Account  against  a  Partner — Notes  Due 

and  Paid — Sight  Drafts  passed  to  Account,  &c 21 

Trial  Balance  of  June  30,  in  Form 27,  28 

Business  of  July  — 

Embracing  about  Twenty-five  Transactions  relating  to — Collections 
in  Notes  and  Money  — Paying  our  Acceptances  — Receiving  Drafts 
at  Sight  and  Time— Receiving  Notes  with  Interest  for  Balances  of 
Accounts  — Selling  and  Drawing  Drafts  — Commission  Business- 
Making  Shipments  on  our  Account  —  Lending  Money  on  Notes  — 
Settlement  with  our  Clerk— Rendering  Account-Sales  — Accept- 
ing Drafts  at  Time  —  Rendering  Accounts-Current,  &c 29 

Trial  Balance  of  July  31,  in  Form 34 

Balance  Sheet,  in  Form 3T 

Balance  Sheet,  explanation  of 38 

Calculation  of  Profits  of  Business 36-38 

Calculation  of  Profits  on  Sales 106 

Division  of  Net  Capital 37,  38 

Closing  Accounts 38 

Opening  Accounts 39 

Remarks 39 


I 


I 


8  CONTEXTS. 

100  Questions  to  Review  the  Student —  page. 

On  tlic  Casli-Book 40 

On  the  Invoice-Book 40 

On  the  Sales-Book 40 

On  the  Bill-Book 41 

On  the  Shipment-Book 41 

On  the  Day-Book 41 

On  the  Leger 41 

On  Business  Transactions 42 

On  the  Trial  Balance 42 

On  the  Balance  Sheet 42 

100  Answers  to  the  Questions  Reviewing  the  Student.  .43-46 

Dav-Book  —  begins  at 49 

Note  on  the  Day-Book 48 

Leger  —  begins  at 67 

Note  on  the  Leger 67 

Oash-Book — begins  at 95 

Note  on  the  Cash-Book 95 

Shipment-Book 100 

Invoice-Book  —  begins  at 101 

Note  on  the  Invoice-Book 101 

Sales-Book  —  begins  at 107 

Note  on  the  Sales-Book 107 

Bill-Book 117 

Note  on  the  Bill-Book 117 

Mercantile  Forms  — 

Account-Cnrrent — simple 122 

Account-Current — with  Interest 124 

Account-Current  —  Averaged 120 

Account-Sales 128 

Bill  of  Purchase 129 

Bill  of  Charges T 129 

Bill  Receipted 129 

Orders 130 

Notes,  promissory 130 

Drafts 131 

Acceptances 95,  131 

Receipts 131 

Letters 132 

Mercantile  Calculations  — 

Discount  and  Interest 134 

Divisor  "  6,"  explanation  of 135 

Interest  at  any  Rate,  how  found 135 

Commission 137 

Insurance 1 38 

Equation  of  Payments 139 


i 


A   COURSE    OF    PRACTICE 


IN 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING 


IMPROVED. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  art  of  Single-Entry  Book-Keeping,  in  its  present  improved  form, 
teaches  to  record,  systematically  and  free  from  error,  the  various  transac- 
tions of  business  or  the  mercantile  profession ;  so  that  the  merchant  may 
know  his  pecuniary  situation,  possess  abilities  to  substantiate  his  claims  and 
protect  his  propertv,  and,  at  dissolution,  may  leave  behind  him  evidence  that 
will  enable  his  friends  to  understand  his  commercial  relations  and  engage- 
ments, and  to  wind  up  his  business  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

To  exhibit  with  ea^e  and  uniformity  a  correct  and  continued  view  of  the 
commercial  transactions  that  take  place  between  ourselves  and  those  with 
whom  we  are  concerned,  we  deem  it  necessary  to  introduce  the  following 
books : — 


1.  Cash-Book, 

2.  Invoice-Book, 

3.  Sales-Book, 

4.  Bill-Book, 


5.  Day-Book, 

6.  Leger, 

7.  Shipment-Book. 


jf 


Of  these  books,  the  Day-Book,  Leger,  Cash-Book,  and  Sales-Book,  ap- 
pear indispensable  in  every  business  ;  while  the  others  may  or  may  not  be 
required :  thus,  for  instance,  if  there  are  no  promissory  notes  given  or  re- 
ceived, there  would  be  no  use  for  a  Bill-Book  ;  if  there  were  no  shipments 
made  for  ourselves,  then  a  Shipment-Book  would  be  useless ;  and  if  the  bills 
of  purchases  were  filed  away  in  extra  good  order  (that  is,  folded,  endorsed, 
numbered,  and  tied  up  in  monthly  or  ({uarterly  packages),  an  Invoice-Book 
might  be  dispensed  with. 

Cash-Book.— This  book  contains  every  sum  of  cash  received  or  paid. 
The  entries  should  be  made  in  it,  at  or  as  near  the  time  of  receiving  or  pay- 
inn-  as  possible.  The  debtor  and  creditor  pages  of  this  book  should  be  added 
an'd  subtracted,  in  a  brisk  business,  at  the  close  of  every  day,  and  the  differ- 
ence between  the  debtor  and  creditor  columns  should  be  the  sum  of  cash  on 
hand. 


10 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


P 


Invoice-Book. — Tliis  book  contains  a  minute  description  of  all  the  mer- 
chandise with  which  we  are  concerned.  Copies  are  made  in  this  book  from 
the  bills  of  goods  purchased,  or  received  into  our  possession  to  be  sold  for 
other  persons. 

The  amounts  of  each  page  are  added  and  carried  forward  to  the  next 
page  ;  consequently,  the  whole  cost  of  the  merchandise  is  at  the  end  of  the 
Invoice-Book.  The  letter  **E."  in  the  margin  of  this  book,  indicates  that 
the  purchases  have  been  entered — that  is,  carried  to  the  Day-Book. 

In  copying  in  this  book  the  invoices  of  goods  on  commission,  we  do  not 
extend  the  amounts  into  the  outer  column  for  dollars  and  cents. 

Sales-Book. — This  book  contains  a  description  of  all  the  merchandise  we 
sell  or  pass  out  of  our  possession. 

As  the  purchaser  selects  his  goods,  they  are  entered  in  the  Sales-Book, 
from  which  entrv  his  bill  is  made  out. 

The  amounts  of  each  page  are  added  and  carried  forward  to  the  next 
page  ;  therefore,  the  total  sales  of  our  merchandise  will  be  found  at  the  end 
of  the  Sales-Book.  The  letter  "  E."  in  the  margin  signifies  Entered — that 
is,  carried  to  the  Day-Book. . 

In  entering  the  sales  of  goods  on  commission,  we  do  not  extend  the 
amount  into  the  column  for  dollars  and  cents. 

Bill-Book. — This  book  contains  a  description  of  all  the  notes,  drafts,  and 
other  species  of  paper-claim  against  us  or  in  our  favor.  Those  notes,  &c., 
in  our  favor  are  shown  under  the  head  of  Receivable,  and  those  against  us, 
under  the  head  of  Payahk. 

The  notes  are  put  in  a  secure  place,  and  all  information  relating  to  them 
is  obtained  by  a  reference  to  the  Bill-Book. 

Day-Book. — This  book  should  contain  statements  of  all  the  transactions 
in  our  biisiness  which  give  rise  to  persons  owing  us,  or  to  our  owing  them. 
All  transactions  in  which  there  are  debtors  or  creditors  are  to  be  stated  in 
the  Day  Book. 

Long  details  of  goods  bought  or  sold  are  not  to  be  made  in  the  Day- 
Book  ;  the  Sales  and  Invoice  Books  are  designed  to  show  the  particulars 
in  regard  to  the  quantity,  quality,  and  price,  of  merchandise  bought  or  sold. 

Leger. — This  book  contains  the  accounts  of  the  persons  who  owe  us  or 
whom  we  owe.  Its  contents  are  made  up  from  the  Day-Book.  The  Leger 
enables  us  to  see,  at  one  view,  all  that  a  person  owes  us,  and  all  that  we 
owe  him  ;  and  the  difference,  or  balance,  is  the  sum  to  be  paid. 

Shipment-Book. — This  book  shows  the  more  important  matters  relating 
to  all  shipments  which  are  made  to  be  sold  for  ourselves.  It  Ls  ruled  in 
columns  with  these  headings  ;  Number,  Date,  Consigned  to,  Cost,  Sales. 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


11 


« 


i 


THE    RULES. 


< 


CASH-BOOK. 


Rule  1.  When  we  receive  money,  enter  it  on  the  debtor  side  of  the 
Cash-Book,  stating  of  whom  and  for  what  it  was  received. 

Rule  2.  When  we  pay  away  money,  enter  it  on  the  creditor  side  of  the 
Cash-Book,  stating  to  whom  and  for  what  it  was  paid. 

INVOICE-BOOK. 

Rule  3.  Describe  in  the  Invoice-Book  all  the  merchandise  which  we 
buy  or  receive,  but  do  not  extend  into  the  dollars'  column  the  amounts  of 
goods  received  on  commission. 

SALES-BOOK. 

Rule  4.  Describe  in  the  Sales-Book  all  merchandise  which  we  sell  or  de- 
liver, but  do  not  extend  into  the  dollars'  column  the  amounts  of  goods  sold 
on  commission. 

rSmall  retail  sales  make  an  exception  to  this  rule,  and  also  to  rule  1st ;  the  amount 
of  these  sales  is  found  in  the  money-drawer  at  evening,  and  is  entered  only  m  the  Oash- 
Book.] 

DAY-BOOK. 

Rule  5.  Every  person  who  owes  us  is  a  debtor,  and  every  person  whom 
we  owe  is  a  creditor  ;  and  they  must  be  debited  or  credited  in  the  Day-Book, 
and  the  cause  or  transaction  stated  that  makes  the  person  our  debtor  or 
creditor. 

LEGER. 

Rule  6  Every  person  who  is  called  a  debtor  or  creditor  in  the  Day-Book 
must  have  an  account  in  the  Leger,  and  there  be  debited  or  credited  for  the 
amounts  for  which  he  stands  debtor  or  creditor  in  the  Day-Book. 

BILL-BOOK. 

Rule  T.  Describe  in  the  Bill-Book  all  paper-claims,  notes,  drafts,  &c.,  in 
our  favor  or  against  us,  authorized  by  our  signatures :  those  in  our  favor, 
under  the  head  of  Receivable,  and  those  against  us,  under  the  head  of  Payable. 

SHIPMENT-BOOK. 

Rule  8.  Describe  in  the  Shipment-Book  all  shipments  made  to  be  sold 
for  our  account. 


y 


fe 


12 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPIXG. 


TPIE  BUSINESS  OF  MAY. 

Consistinpf  of  about  thirty-sovcn  Business  Transactions— showinj^  the  Oponinp:  of  a 
Set  of  Partnerslup  Books— Capital  advaneed— Purchases  for  Cash — On  Credit— at 
Time,  and  on  Notes— Deliverinjz;  and  lleeeiving  Notes  for  former  Purchases— Lend- 
ing ]\Ioney— Settlinnr  Accounts— Paying  Expenses,  &c.,  «tc.  Posting— Trial  Balance, 
and  Balancing  Cash-Book. 

The  student's  attention  is  now  called  to  the  nature  of  business  transac- 
tions, a  great  variety  of  which  will  l)e  presented  to  him  on  the  following 
pages  ;  what  debtors  or  creditors  they  gave  rise  to,  what  entries  they 
require,  and  in  what  books  those  entries  should  be  made. 

The  student  will  suppose  that  he  and  liis  partner  do  the  following  busi- 
ness, and  he  will  insert  his  name  in  place  of  that  of  C.  C.  ^farsh,  and  thus 
become  one  of  the  partners.  His  manner  of  proceeding  will  be,  tirst  to 
read  the  transaction  that  is  su})posed  to  occur,  and  then  to  turn  to  his 
account-books  and  make  the  entries  that  may  be  required,  according  to  the 
instruction  that  succ(!eds  the  transaction. 

Transaction  1 — May  4. 

We,  Jonathan  Smith  and  C.  C.  Marsh,  commence  business  with  a  capi- 
tal in  cash  of  $15,000. 

Instruction, — Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  cash  advanced  by 
the  partners,  and  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  give  them  credit  for  this 
amount,  for  which  they,  individually,  arc  creditors  of  the  Firm. 

Transaction  2 — May  4. 

We  buy  merchandise  for  cash  of  John  Stevens. 

Instruction. — iNIake  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book,  copied  from  the  bill 
we  receive  of  JMr.  Stevens  ;  and  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  amount 
of  cash  paid.  Look  in  the  Invoice  and  Sales  Books  for  a  description  of 
the  goods  bought  or  sold. 

Transaction  3 — May  5. 
We  buy  merchandise  of  Pettis  &  lloome,  on  account. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book — a  copy  from  the 
bill  we  receive  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Messrs. 
Pettis  &  lloome,  because  we  owe  them  for  the  merchandise.  The  ex- 
pression on  account  generally  means  to  he  entered  in  the  account  between  the 
parties. 

Transaction  4 — May  6. 

We  buy  merchandise  for  cash  at  auction. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book  of  a  copy  from  the 
bill  we  receive  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Casli-Book  of  the  sum  j^aid. 


SIXGLE-ENTBY  ]',00K-KEEPING. 


13 


Transaction  o — May  6. 
We  pay  bill  for  drayage  at  several  times,  and  a  bill  for  store-fixtures, 
now  handed  in. 

Instruction.— These  transactions  require  entries  only  in  the  Cash-Book. 

Transaction  G— May  7. 

We  l)uy  merchandise  of  Ilogan  &  Miller,  on  account. 

Instruction  — :Make  an  entry  of  the  goods  in  the  Invoice-Book ;  and 
make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  II.  &  M.  for  the  sum  we  owe 
them. 

Transaction  7— May  8. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  ITallet  &  Brown,  at  six  months'  credit,  but 
have  not  as  yet  given  them  our  note  for  the  amount. 

lNSTRUCTioN.-]\rake  an  entry  of  the  goods  in  the  Invoice-Book  ;  and 
make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Messrs.  Hallct  &  Brown  for  the 
sum  we  owe  them. 

Transaction  8— May  10. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  Parker,  Howard,  k  Co.,  on  our  note  at  ninety 

days.  •    .1     -oMi 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book  ;  and  one  in  the  Bill- 
Book  describing  the  note  which  we  have  issued  against  us.  This  transac- 
tion requires  no  entry  in  the  Day-Book,  because  we  do  not  owe  the  persons 
—the  note  being  a  payment. 

Transaction  9 — May  11. 

We  lend  cash  to  John  Stevens. 

Instruction  —Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book,  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book  to  debit  or  charge  Mr.  Stevens  for  the  sum  he  owes  us. 

Transaction  10 — May  13. 

We  have,  during  to-day,  retaUed  merchandise  to  several  persons,  for  cash 
in  small  sums. 

Instruction.— These  sums  were  put  into  the  drawer  at  the  times  they 
were  received,  and  at  evening  we  count  the  money  (deducting  what  was 
put  in  for  chan-e)  and  find  the  total  retail  sales  of  the  day  amount  to 
$28  G4  ;  make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  only.  A  piece  of  paper,  with 
tlie  sum  on  it,  was  put  into  the  drawer  with  the  money  in  the  mormng. 

Transaction  11 — May  14. 

AYe  have  delivered  our  note  to  Hallet  &  Brown,  drawn  for  the  amount 
of  merchandise  bought  of  them  on  a  former  date. 

iNSTRucTioN.-Make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  or  charge 
Messrs  H  &  B.  for  the  sum  we  have  paid  them  ;  the  note  is  a  payment 
for  the'time  it  is  drawn.  Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  descnbmg  the 
Note  we  have  issued  against  us. 


[I    < 


14 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 
Transaction  12 — May  15. 


We  pay  to  Pettis  &  Roonie  cash  on  account. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book,  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book  to  debit  Messrs.  P.  &  R.  for  the  amount  we  have  paid  them. 

Transaction  13 — May  16. 

Charles  Simmons  has  handed  in  his  bill  for  Painting,  &c.,  in  our  store ; 
the  amount  of  which  he  agrees  to  receive  in  merchandise  as  he  may  want  it. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  C.  S.  for  the 
amount  of  his  bill,  for  which  we  owe  him. 

Transaction  14 — May  1G. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  Barclay  &  Livingston,  and  pay  them  in  note  at 
four  months  for  $200,  in  cash  $100,  and  let  the  balance  remain  on  account 
—$120.22. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  of  the  merchandise  in  the  Invoice-Book  ; 
an  entry,  describing  the  note,  in  the  Bill-Book  ;  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book 
of  the  sum  paid  ;  and  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Messrs.  B.  &  L. 
for  the  balance  unpaid. 

Transaction  15 — May  IT. 

We  settle  our  account  with  Pettis  &  Roome,  by  delivering  to  them  our 
note  at  sixty  days  for  $200,  and  cash  for  $15.60. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  or  charge 
Messrs.  P.  &  R.  for  the  sum  we  have  paid  them  ;  make  an  entry  in  the 
Bill-Book  of  the  note  we  have  issued,  and  one  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the 
money  paid  out. 

Transaction  16 — May  18. 

We  wrote  to  Jonathan  Jones,  Boston,  requesting  him  to  forward  to  us 
20  barrels  of  mackerel ;  these  mackerel  are  now  received,  and  his  letter  in- 
forms us  that  the  amount  is  $116.60  ;  we  pay  for  freight  and  drayage  on 
the  same,  $4.87. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book  of  the  mackerel ;  and 
in  the  Cash-Book  of  sums  paid  ;  and  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  Jones 
for  the  amount  we  owe  him.  *      , 

Transaction  17 — May  18. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  Charles  Simmons  on  account. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book  of  the  articles  sold  ;  and 
one  in  the  Day-Book  to  show  that  Mr.  Simmons  owes  us  for  the  goods  sold 
to  him. 

Transaction  18 — May  19. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  William  Lawrence  on  account. 
Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  and  Dav-Book. 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


15 


Transaction  19 — May  21. 

We  have  to-day  made  retail  cash  sales  of  merchandise  amounting  to 
$i4.62. 
Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  only. 

Transaction  20 — May  21. 

You  have  occasion  for  some  money  for  the  payment  of  your  personal  ex- 
penses, and  you  take  $25. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book ;  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book,  to  charge  or  debit  yourself  for  the  sum  you  have  drawn  from  the 

business. 

[This  account  of  yours  will  afford  important  information,  viz. :  it  will  show 
what  was  your  capital,  what  have  been  your  personal  or  house  expenses, 
and  how  nuich  capital  you  have  kept  in  the  business.] 

Transaction  21 — May  22. 

William  Lawrence  gives  us  his  note  at  thirty  days  for  $100,  and  cash 
for  balance  of  his  account. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  note  we  hold  against 
Mr.  Lawrence  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum  received 
in  cash ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  Lawrence  for 
the  amount  he  has  paid  us — being  $142.08. 

Transaction  22— May  22. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  W.  B.  Brown,  on  account. 
Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  and  Day-Book. 

Transaction  23 — May  23. 
We  have  during  to-day  retailed  merchandise  for  cash,  amounting  to  $38.94. 
Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  only. 

Transaction  24— May  23. 

We  have  sold  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account,  viz. : 
Charles  Simmons,  P.  S.  Thompson,  Henry  Small,  and  W.  S.  Christman. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  ;  and  make  entries  in  the 
Day-Book  to  debit  or  charge  each  person  for  the  sum  he  owes  us. 

Transaction  25 — May  25. 

We  have  received  of  John  Stevens  the  sum  lent  him  the  other  day — $50  ; 
and  also,  we  have  borrowed  of  him  $150. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  money  received  ; 
and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book,  to  credit  Mr.  Stevens  for  the  $200. 

Transaction  26 — May  25. 
We  have  retailed  merchandise  during  to-day,  for  cash,  amounting  to 


IG 


!) 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


$17.02;  and  wc  luivc  sold  nuTcliandisc  to  tlie  followinir,  on  acconnt :  to 
I.  Fan-ington,  to  P.  S.  Tlionipson,  to  11.  Small,  and  to  James  llicliings. 

Tnstructiox. — ;Makc  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum  received ; 
make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  of  the  goods  sold  on  acconnt ;  and  make 
entries  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  or  charge  the  persons  who  owe  us. 

Transaction  27 — May  26. 
We  buy  merchandise  of  C.  Huntington,  on  account,  at  60  days. 
Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Invoice-Book  and  in  the  Day-Book. 

Transaction  28 — May  26. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  J.  Stevens  on  account. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Invoice-Book  and  in  tlie  Day-Book. 

Transaction  29 — May  27. 

We  pay  cash  for  drayage  on  whiskey  and  tobacco. 
Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book. 

Transaction  30 — May  27. 

You  have  employed  Joseph  Johnson  to  do  some  building  for  you  at  your 
dwelling.house ;  and  at  Ids  request  you  deliver  to  him,  on  account  of  the 
work,  a  quantity  of  goods  and  some  money  from  the  store. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book  the  same  as  though  the 
goods  were  sold  to  him  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum 
paid  to  him  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  or  charge  him 
for  all  he  owes  us  in  this  transaction. 

Transaction  31 — May  28. 

We  have  had  1,000  cards  printed,  for  which  we  paid  cash  ;  and  during 
the  day  we  have  retailed  merchandise  for  cash — $7.50. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  on  the  Dr.  and  Cr.  sides. 

Transaction  32— May  20. 

We  have  given  our  note,  at  three  months,  to  John  Stevens,  for  amount 
of  the  whiskey  wc  bought  of  him  on  the  2()th  inst. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  note  we  have  issued ; 
and  one  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  Mr.  Stevens  for  the  note,  which  is  a  pay- 
ment. 

Transaction  33— ]May  29. 

We  sell  merchandise,  on  account,  to  I.  Farrington  and  to  W.  B.  Brown. 
Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  and  in  the  Day-Book. 

Transaction  34 — May  30. 

We  send  our  clerk  out  to  collect,  and  he  returns  to  us  the  following  notes 
and  cash:  W.  B.  Brown's  note,  at  three  months,  for  $153.97;  Peter  S. 


1 1 


\ 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING 


n 


Thompson's  note,  at  two  months,  for  $44.00  ;  cash,  received  of  Henry  Small, 
$31.72  ;  and  cash,  received  of  W.  S.  Christman,  $50. 

Instruction.— Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  notes  ;  in  the  Cash- 
Book  of  the  sums  received  ;  and  in  the  Day-Book,  to  credit  the  persons  for 
the  cash  and  notes  we  have  received  of  them,  and  for  which  we  owe  them 
in  account. 

Transaction  35— May  30. 

We  return  to  John  Stevens  the  money  we  borrow^ed  of  him. 
Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book;  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book  to  charge  or  debit  Mr.  Stevens  for  the  sum  we  have  paid  him. 

Transaction  36— May  31. 
John  Sims,  our  chief  clerk,  draws  on  account  of  his  salary.  Cash,  $25. 
Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book ;  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book  to  charge  John  for  the  sum  paid  him. 

Transaction  37— May  31. 

We  have  retailed  merchandise  during  to-day,  for  cash,  amounting  to 
$34.40  ;  and  sold  to  J.  Richings,  W.  S.  Christman,  I.  Farrington,  and  W. 
Lawrence,  on  account. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum  received  ;  in 
the  Sales-Book  of  the  goods  sold ;  and  in  the  Day-Book,  to  debit  the  per- 
sons who  owe  us. 


/ 


POSTINa. 


Instruction. — As  yet  we  have  done  nothing  with  the  Leger ;  it  is  not 
convenient  to  post  or  make  entries  in  the  Leger  every  day,  and  it  is  not 
proper  to  defer  posting  longer  than  a  month.  The  object  of  the  Leger  is 
to  show  all  concerning  one  person  at  one  place  ;  the  sums  which  Mr.  Stevens 
owes  us,  and  which  we  owe  him,  are  scattered  from  one  end  of  the  Day-Book 
to  the  other  ;  but  in  the  Leger  all  those  sums  are  drawn  on  to  one  page,  and, 
by  subtracting  one  side  of  the  account  from  the  other,  we  obtain  the  balance 
which  is  due  to  him  or  us. 

We  will  now  commence  posting.  The  first  accounts  to  be  opened  in  the 
Leger  are  our  own  accounts.  In  the  first  entry  in  the  Day-Book  we  are 
creditors  for  our  net  capital  Open  the  Day-Book  at  the  first  page,  and 
you  will  find  the  following  entry  : — 

C.  C.  Marsh  ^      Cr. 

For  Cash  received  of  him  as  capital $5,000. 

To  post  the  above  entry,  you  will  open  your  account  on  the  first  page  in 
the  Leger,  bv  writing  the  name  in  the  centre  between  the  terms  Dr.  and 
Cr. ;  and,  as*^you  are  a  creditor,  make  the  entry  on  the  creditor  side  of  the 
account— writing  in  the  first  column  the  year  and  month,  in  the  second  col- 

2 


1 


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! 


18 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KKKIM NG. 


umn  the  date,  in  the  third  space  the  cause  why  you  are  creditor,  or  what 
you  are  creditor  for,  in  the  fourth  column  the  page  of  the  Day-Book  that 
the  sum  comes  from,  and  in  the  fifth  cohnnn  the  sum  for  which  you  arc 
creditor.  Now  place  the  page  of  the  account  in  the  Leger  against  the 
name  in  the  Day-Book,  to  signify  that  it  is  posted.  The  Leger  must  have 
an  Index,  in  which  the  names  of  the  accounts  should  be  entered  as  soon  as 
opened  in  the  Leger. 

This  explanation  of  posting  is  applicable  to  all  otiier  Day-Book  entries, 
with  this  diflference :  when  the  person  is  debtor,  the  entry  must  be  made  on 
the  debtor  side  of  his  account. 

Proceed,  and  post  all  the  entries  of  May. 


THE    TKIAL    BALANCE. 

Instruction. — We  have  now  posted  the  business  of  May  ;  the  next  thing 
to  which  your  attention  is  directed  is  the  Proof  or  Trial  Balance. 

There  can  be  nothing  of  more  importance,  in  keeping  accounts,  than  cor- 
rectness ;  and  as  all  persons  are  more  or  less  liable  to  make  errors  in  opera- 
ting in  figures,  the  process  called  the  Proof,  by  which  errors  are  detected,  is 
indispensible.  Since  there  is  a  way  to  jn-ove  that  the  accounts  in  the  Leger 
are  correctly  posted  and  added,  and  the  balances  correctly  struck  or  obtained, 
we  should  not  recognise  our  accounts  as  correct  unless  they  are  proved  to 
be  so. 

This  Proof  or  Trial  Balance  is  a  very  simple  and  effective  method  of  prov- 
ing the  postings,  the  additions,  and  the  subtractions  in  the  Leger :  it  is 
founded  on  the  principle  of  comparing  the  amounts  in  the  Day-Book  with 
the  amounts  in  the  Leger.  As  the  sums  in  the  Leger  are,  or  ought  to  be, 
the  same  as  the  sums  in  the  Day-Book,  so  the  difference  between  the  sums 
in  the  Day-Book  will  be  the  same  as  the  difference  between  the  sums  in  the 
Leger.  If  this  correspondence  does  not  follow,  then  there  are  errors  in  the 
work. 

The  following  is  the  Trial  Balance  of  May  31,  1859. 


Dr. 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-XEEPING.  19 

DAY-BOOK   BALANCES   OF   MAY   31,   1859.        Cr. 


1 

1 

i 

Folio     

$    396 
599 
215 
324 
268 
144 

14,799 

36 
92 
56 
69 
50 
97 

22 
22 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

Folio 

$15,621 
312 
342 
193 

280 

1 
38 

22 

08 
25 
29 

22 

1    ■•■ 

2 
3 
4 

u 

<( 

,,      

<l 

^ 

1 

i\ 

- 

Balance  of  the 
Day-Book 

16,749 

16,749 

Dr. 


LEGER   BALANCES   OF   MAY   31,   1859. 


Cb. 


1 

3 

4 

6 

7 

9 

10 

11 

12 

W.  S.  Christman.. 

I.  Farrington 

Jas.  Richings  .... 
Joseph  Johnson . . . 

John  Sims 

W.  Lawrence  .... 
VV.  B.  Brown  .... 

H.  Small 

P.  S.  Thompson  . . 
Balance  of  Leger 

1 

$  51 
109 
103 
69 
25 
48 
93 
42 
16 

14,799 

44 
16 
09 
65 
00 
20 
50 
39 
20 
22 

85 
Y 

1 
1 
3 
5 
6 
7 
8 

OR 

C.C.  Marsh 

Jonathan  Smith  . . 
Hogan  k  Miller  . . 
C.  Huntington .... 

C.  Simmons 

Barclay  &  Livingston . 
J.  Jones 

$4,975 

10,000 

59 

80 

6 

120 

116 

00 
00 
42 
48 
13 
22 
60 

85 

K,  May  31,1859. 

15,357 

15,357 

New 

1 


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20 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEIMNG 


The  precedin<i:  Trial  Balance  is  made  out  as  follows :  rule  the  two  inside 
pages  of  a  sheet  of  paper,  one  page  for  the  "  Day-Book  balances,"  and  the 
other  for  the  "Leger  balances."  Turn  to  the  first  page  of  the  Day-Book 
and  obtain  the  amount  of  all  the  debtor  sums  on  that  page,  which  will  be 
$396.36 — the  total  of  the  Dr.  column  ;  this  amount  you  will  set  down  on 
the  debtor  side  of  that  part  of  the  sheet  headed  Day-Book  balances.  Next, 
ascertain  the  amount  of  all  the  creditor  sums  on  the  same  page — $15,621.38, 
this  being  the  total  of  the  Cr.  column  of  the  page — and  set  it  on  the  creditor 
side  of  the  same  part  of  the  sheet.  Proceed  in  like  manner  with  every  page 
in  the  Day-Book. 

When  you  have  thus  taken  off  all  the  amounts,  add  (with  lead)  the  two 
columns  and  subtract  one  total  from  the  other  ;  the  difference  ($14,799.22) 
is  called  the  balance  of  the  Day-Book. 

You  will  now  turn  to  the  Leger,  and  obtain  the  balance  of  every  account, 
by  adding  and  subtracting  the  columns  (in  pencil),  and  then  copy  off  these 
balances  on  that  part  of  the  sheet  headed  "  Leger  balances  :"  add  the  two 
columns,  and  the  difference  between  the  totals  is  called  the  balance  of  the 
Leger ;  this  balance  should  exactly  correspond  witli  the  balance  of  tlie  Day- 
Book.  If  these  two  balances  are  not  ahke,  there  are  errors,  either  in  the 
posting,  adding,  or  subtracting,  in  the  Leger,  or  in  taking  off  the  amounts 
from  the  Day-Book  and  Leger  on  to  the  sheet.  Tliese  errors  nmst  be  found 
by  reviewing  all  the  work — examine  the  posting,  checking  each  sum  with  a 
pencil ;  examine  the  balances  on  the  sheet,  checking  each  sum  ;  and  re-ex- 
amine until  the  proof  is  obtained — for  without  the  proof  there  is  no  certainty 
of  the  correctness  of  your  accounts,  and  with  the  proof  the  certainty  is  equal 
to  that  obtained  in  the  science  of  double-entry  book-keeping. 

The  Trial  Balance  should  be  made  monthly. 

That  part  of  the  Trial  Balance  headed  Leger  Balances  is  of  great  utility 
in  another  respect  besides  its  participation  in  the  proof ;  it  exhibits,  at  one 
view,  the  names  of  all  who  owe  us  and  whom  we  owe,  with  the  amounts  due 
to  or  by  each. 

Fold  up  the  Trial  Balance,  endorse  it  Trial  Balance  of  May  31,  1859, 
and  let  it  be  taken  care  of. 

The  Cash-Book  has  not  yet  been  balanced ;  you  will  balance  it,  and  then 
proceed  with  the  business  of  June.  Balance  the  Cash-Book  by  adding  the 
Dr.  and  Cr.  pages,  and  subtract  the  amount  paid  from  the  amount  received  ; 
the  difference  is  or  should  be  the  balance  on  hand.  There  is  no  way  of 
proving  this,  but  by  counting  the  money  ;  we  must,  therefore,  take  it  for 
correct :  write  "Balance  in  Banks,  &c.,  $14,612.84"  on  Cr.  side — rule  and 
foot  it. 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


21 


THE   BUSINESS   OF   JUNE. 

About  fifty  Business  Transactions,  embracing  Purchases  and  Sales— Collections  in 
Notes  and  I^Ionoy— Delivering  our  Notes  with  Interest— Receiving  Notes  with  Inter- 
opt— Passing  the  Notes  of  others -Accepting  Drafts— Discounting  Notes— Discount- 
ing onr  own  Notes— Settling  Accounts  against  a  Partner— Notes  Due  and  Paid- 
Sight  Drafts  passed  to  Account,  &c.,  &c.— Trial  Balance,  «S:c. 

Transaction  38 — June  1. 

We  give  our  note  at  three  months  to  Barclay  &  Livingston,  flrawn  for 
*he  balance  of  their  account,  $120.22,  with  interest  at  6  per  cent.  Inter- 
est, for  93  days,  $1.86. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  note,  which  is  drawn 
for  $122.08  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  charge  or  debit  Messrs. 
Barclay  &  Livingston  for  the  amount  we  have  paid  them,  viz.,  $120.22 : 
they  must  not  be  debited  for  the  face  of  the  note,  $122.08. 

Transaction  39 — June  2. 

We  bought,  at  the  commencement  of  our  business,  of  Arthur  &  Co.,  a 
set  of  account-books  and  other  stationery ;  they  now  send  in  their  bill,  and 
we  pay  it — $2*1. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book. 

Transaction  40 — June  3. 

We  have  written  to  W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore,  for  him  to  ship  us  a  quan- 
tity of  Virginia  hams ;  they  have  arrived,  and  by  his  letter  amount  to 
$293.75.    We  pay  freight  and  drayage— $4.95. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  from  the  invoice  in  the  Invoice-Book ;  make 
entries  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  charges  paid ;  and  make  an  entry  in  thp 
Day-Book,  to  credit  Mr.  Moale  for  the  sum  we  owe  him— $293.75. 

Transaction  41 — June  3. 

We  have  retailed  merchandise  to-day,  for  cash,  $35.45  ;  and  also  sold,  on 
account,  to  W.  Lawrence,  to  James  Richings,  to  I.  Farrington,  and  to  R. 
Jessup. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  of  the  cash  received  in  the  Cash-Book; 
make  entries  of  the  sales  on  credit  in  the  Sales-Book  :  and  make  entries  in 
the  Day-Book,  to  debit  the  persons  who  owe  us. 

Transaction  42— -June  4. 

We  buy  a  quantity  of  fruit  of  Hone,  Coster,  &  Co.,  and  give  our  note  at 
three  months  in  payment. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book  of  the  bill ;  and  an 
entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  note  we  have  issued  against  us. 


22 


SINGLE-ENTRY  J500K-KEEPING. 


,  I  <i< 


1 


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11  '■ 


Transaction  43 — June  4. 
We  buy  a  bill  of  flour  of  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.,  on  account. 
Instructiox.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book  ;  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book,  to  credit  Messrs.  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.,  for  the  sum  we  owe  them. 

Transaction  44 — June  5. 
We  have  made  cash  retail  sales  to-day  amounting  to  $56.80. 
iNSTRucTioN.—Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book. 

Transaction  45 — June  5. 

We  send  out  clerk  to  collect,  and  ho  returns  with  the  followinn-  •  I  Far- 
rmgton's  note  at  three  months  for  $109.10;  J.  Kiching^s  note  at  three 
months  for  $103.09  ;  cash  received  of  W.  S.  Christman,  $51.44  ;  cash  re- 
ceived of  W.  Lawrence,  $48.20  ;  and  cash  received  of  W.  B.  Brown,  $50. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  notes  ;  in  the  Cash- 
Book  of  the  three  sums  received  in  cash ;  and  in  the  Day-Book,  to  credit 
each  person  who  has  paid  us,  or  of  whom  we  have  made  a  collection. 

You  may  now  improve  on  your  previous  style  of  Day-Book  entries  •  in- 
stead of  crediting  each  of  the  persons  in  this  transaction  in  separate  entries 
you  may  make  one  entry  to  include  them  all.     This  plan  you  will  adopt 
hereafter,  whenever  the  circumstances  will  admit. 

Transaction  46 — June  6. 

We  have  sold  merchandise  during  the  day  to  the  following  persons  on  ao 
count :  to  R.  Jessup,  to  P.  S.  Thompson,  to  II.  Small,  to  J.  Johnson  and 
to  John  Stevens.  ' 

Instruction.— Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  in  the  Day-Book. 
These  persons  may  all  be  debited  or  charged  in  one  Day-Book  entry. 

Transaction  47 — June  7. 

*We  have  paid  cash  to  the  following  persons  on  account;  to  Hogan  & 
Miller,  $59.42  ;  to  C.  Simmons,  $6.13  ;  also,  we  have  given  our  note'' to  C 
Huntington  for  balance  of  account — $80.48. 

Instruction.— Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sums  paid  ;  enter  the 
note  in  the  Bill-Book ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book,  to  debit  the 
persons  to  whom  we  have  made  payments,  either  in  cash  or  by  note. 

Transaction  48 — June  9. 

The  balance  of  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.'s  account  in  their  favor  is  $222.50  • 
for  which  we  deliver  to  them  the  following  notes  :  I.  Farrington's  note  for 
$109.16;  P.  S.  Thompson's  note  for  $44.60;  and  cash  for  the  balance 

$68. t4. 

Instruction.— Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book,  in  the  column  headed  paid, 
to  show  that  the  notes  have  been  passed  to  Messrs.  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.  • 
make  an  entry  of  the  cash  paid  in  the  Cash-Book  ;  and  an  entrv  in  the  Day- 
Book,  to  debit  P.,  H.,  &  Co.,  for  the  sum  we  have  paid  them. ' 


* 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


[In  passing  off  notes  which  we  hold  against  others,  it  is  necessary  to  write 
our  names  on  the  back,  particularly  when  the  notes  are  drawn  to  our  order. 
We  then  become  responsible  as  endorsers,  in  case  the  drawer  or  proper  per- 
son does  not  pay,  unless  we  write  "  without  recourse"  above  our  signature.] 

Transaction  49 — June  10. 

We  pay  cash  as  follows :  our  drayman's  bill,  $3.12  ;  to  John  Sims,  our 
clerk,  $15.50  ;  and  draw  for  our  personal  expenses,  $40. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sums  paid ;  and 
make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  the  last  two  for  the  sums  drawn. 

Transaction  50 — June  11. 

We  have  made  cash  retail  sales  amounting  to  $29.64  :  we  have  bought 
merchandise  of  Alfred  Graham  on  account ;  and  sold  merchandise  to  him 
on  account. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum  received  ;  in 
the  Invoice-Book  of  the  merchandise  bought ;  in  the  Sales-Book  of  the 
goods  sold  on  account ;  and  in  the  Day-Book  two  entries,  one  to  debit  Mr. 
Graham  for  the  goods  he  has  bought  of  us,  and  one  to  credit  him  for  the 
goods  we  have  bought  of  him. 

Transaction  51 — June  12. 

We  sell  merchandise  on  account  to  W.  B.  Brown,  Peter  S.  Thompson, 
Henry  Small,  J.  Johnson,  and  Wm.  Lawrence  ;  and  we  pay  cash  to  J.  John- 
son, $15. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  ;  in  the  Cash-Book  ;  and 
in  the  Day-Book,  to  debit  each  of  the  persons  for  the  sum  he  owes  us. 


Transaction  52 — June  13. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  Pettis  &  Roome,  and  of  Hogan  &  Miller  ;  and 
we  give  our  note  to  P.  &  R.  for  half  their  bill,  $198.13,  and  to  H.  &  M. 
cash  for  half  their  bill,  $99. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Invoice-Book,  in  the  Bill-Book,  in  the 
Cash-Book,  and  in  the  Day-Book.  As  w^e  have  paid  each  one  half,  we  will 
credit  them  in  the  Day-Book  only  for  the  sums  unpaid  ;  or,  it  would  be  as 
well  to  credit  each  for  the  full  amount,  and  charge  them  for  the  part  paid, 
which  would  require  two  entries. 

Transaction  53 — June  14. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account ;  to  Alfred  Grar 
ham,  W.  B.  Brown,  I.  Farrington,  J.  Richings,  R.  Jessup,  and  W.  S.  Christ- 
man. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  in  the  Day-Book, 

Transaction  54 — June  15. 

We  receive  of  P.  S.  Thompson  cash,  $16.20,  and  his  note  at  60  days  for 
$97.68. 


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24 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Casli-Book,  one  in  the  Bill-Book,  and 
one  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  Thompson  for  the  suras  received. 

Transaction  55 — June  15. 

We  receive  of  Henry  Small  his  note  at  sixty  days,  for  $82.19,  with  in- 
terest added — interest  82  cents. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  note,  which  is  drawn 
for  $83.01  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book,  to  credit  Mr.  Small  foi 
the  sum  he  has  paid  us,  which  is  $82.19 — this  being  the  balance  of  his  ac- 
count. 

Transaction  56 — June  16. 

We  send  our  clerk  to  collect,  and  he  returns  the  folio winp^ :  cash  received 
of  W.  B.  Brown,  $43.50  ;  cash  received  of  II.  Jessup,  $54.72  ;  and  R. 
Jessup's  note  at  four  months  for  $110.40. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  of  the  cash  in  the  Cash-Book  ;  of  the  note 
in  the  Bill-Book  :  and  give  the  persons  credit  in  the  Day-Book  for  the  sums 
they  have  paid  us. 

Transaction  57 — June  16. 

We  receive  of  I.  Farrington  his  note  at  three  months,  with  interest  added 
—principal  $120.10,  interest  $1.86. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  note,  which  is  for 
$121.96  ;  and  one  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  Farrington,  but  credit  him 
only  for  $120.10,  this  l)eing  the  balance  of  his  account. 

Transaction  58 — June  17. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  Barclay  &  Livingston,  and  also  of  Hallet  & 
Brown,  on  account. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Invoice-Book  and  in  the  Day-Book. 

Transaction  59 — June  17. 

We  pay  cash  as  follows :  W.  Baker's  l)ill  for  drayage,  $7.50  ;  to  Jo.<?. 
Johnson,  $10  ;  to  John  Sims,  $10  ;  to  A.  Graham,  $20  ;  and  lend  to  C. 
Huntington,  $400  ;  and  borrow  of  John  Stevens,  $300. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  of  all  the  sums  received  and 
paid  out ;  and  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  each  person  who  owes  us,  and  to 
credit  Mr.  Stevens  for  the  sum  we  borrow  of  him. 

Transaction  60 — June  19. 

We  have  accepted  a  draft  drawn  on  us  l)y  W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore,  at 
ten  days^  sight,  in  favor  of  C.  Huntington,  for  $200. 

Instruction. — Accepting  a  draft  at  time,  is  agreeing  to  pay  it,  and  signi- 
fying it  by  placing  your  name  on  the  draft.  Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill- 
Book  under  the  payable  part,  because  the  draft  is  like  a  note  issued  against 
us  ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  Mr.  Moale,  because  he 
owes  us  the  amount  which  he  draws  on  us  for :  drawing  on  us  is  drawing 
from  us.     (See  the  form  on  page  94.) 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING.  25 

Transaction  61 — June  19. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account :  to  W.  S.  Christ- 
man,  to  J.  Richings,  to  R.  Jessup,  and  to  W.  Lawrence. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  an  entry  in  the  Day 
Book  to  debit  the  persons  who  owe  us. 

Transaction  62 — June  20. 

J.  Johnson  has  completed  the  work  which  he  has  been  employed  on  for 
you,  and  has  presented  his  bill  to  us,  which  amounts  to  $175.80  ;  we  obtain 
the  balance  of  his  account,  and  find  it  to  be  $31.15,  which  sum  we  pay  in 
cash  ;  you  have  drawn  cash,  for  personal  expenses,  $15. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  of  all  the  cash  paid  ;  make 
an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  J.  Johnson  for  the  amount  of  his  bill, 
and  also  one  to  debit  him  for  the  sum  paid  him  in  full. 

Another  entry  is  required  yet :  you  must  be  debited  for  the  amount  of 
Mr.  Johnson's  bill,  together  with  the  $15,  because  you  have  drawn  those 
sums  from  the  business,  the  work  being  done  for  you,  individually,  and  not 
for  the  store. 

Transaction  63 — June  21. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account :  to  A.  Graham, 
to  P.  S.  Thompson,  to  H.  Small,  and  to  W.  B.  Brown. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  Day-Book. 

Transaction  64 — June  21. 

We  get  the  following  notes  discounted  at  the  Merchants'  Bank,  and  re- 
ceive the  cash,  less  the  discount : — 

j^o.  2.— Brown's  note,  due  Sept.  2,  for $153  97 

Discount,  for  74  days.  .$1  90 

No.  8.— tiessup's  note,  due  Oct.  19,  for 110  40 

Discount,  for  121  days. .  2  23    

264  37 

Amount  of  discount 4  13 

Amount  of  cash  received $260  24 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book,  in  the  paid  column,  to  show 
that  these  notes  are  passed  off  or  paid  ;  and  make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book 
of  the  sums  received. 

Transaction  65 — June  22. 

You  send  some  articles  to  your  dwelling-house  for  family  use. 
Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  one  in  the  Day-Book 
to  debit  yourself  for  the  appropriation. 

Transaction  66 — June  22. 

We  pay  the  two  notes  which  Barclay  &  Livingston  hold  against  us,  not 
yet  at  maturity : — 


*   9 

:  1 


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II 


26  SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

No.  3.— Due  Sept.  19,  for $200  00 

Xo.  6.— Due  Sept.    4,  for 122  08 

322  08 

Discount  on  No.  3,  90  days $3  00 

Discount  on  No.  6,  74  days 1  51  i 

4  51 

Amount  of  cash  paid  for'tlie  notes $317  57 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book  to  show  that  the  notes  have 
been  taken  up  or  paid  ;  and  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  cash  paid  for  the  notes. 

Transaction  67 — June  23. 

We  sell  the  following  notes  to  llallet  k  Brown  on  account — although  the 
notes  are  not  at  maturity,  no  discount  is  supposed  to  be  allowed : — 

No.  5.— .J.  Richings'  note  for $103  09 

No.  9. — I.  Farrington's  note  for 12196 

$225  05 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book  to  show  that  the  notes  are 
passed  off;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  Messrs.  Hallet  & 
Brown  for  the  notes. 

Transaction  68 — June  24. 

W.  Lawrence's  note  for  $100  fell  due  this  day  and  is  paid. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  and  in  the  Cash-Book. 
When  we  say  Lawrence's  note,  we  mean  a  note  of  which  he  is  the  author  or 
writer. 

Transaction  69 — June  25. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account :  to  W.  S.  Christ- 
man,  to  R.  Jessup,  to  A.  Graham,  and  to  J.  Stevens. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  an  entry  in  the  Day- 
Book. 

Transaction  70 — June  26. 

We  have  received  a  letter  from  W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore,  directing  us  to 
ship  to  him  a  quantity  of  merchandise,  which  we  have  done. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book  and  in  the  Day-Book. 

Transaction  71 — June  27. 

J.  Jones,  Boston,  has  drawn  a  draft  at  sight  on  us,  in  favor  of  C.  Hun- 
tington, which  we  have  accepted  ;  but  as  the  balance  of  Mr.  Huntington's 
account  is  in  our  favor,  it  is  agreed  that  the  draft  shall  be  passed  to  his 
credit,  and  not  paid  in  cash. 

Instruction. — Make  two  entries  in  the  Day-Book — one  to  debit  Mr.  Jones 
for  our  accepting  or  paying  liis  draft,  and  one  to  credit  Mr.  Huntington  for 
amount  of  the  draft  due  him.     Drafts  at  sight  need  not  appear  in  the  Bill 


^ 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING.  27 

Book  ;  if  this  be  entered  in  the  Bill-Book,  it  should  be  written  off— that  is, 
in  the  last  column  should  be  written  thus :  passed  to  acct.  of  C.  Huntmgton. 

Transaction  72— June  30. 
Our  clerk  has  been  out  making  collections,  and  returns  with  the  follow 

James  Richings'  note  at  90  days,  for $100 

W.  S.  Christman's  note  at  3  months,  for 120 

Cash  received  of  W.  S.  Christman 40 

Cash  received  of  J.  Richings 25 

Instruction.— Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  notes  ;  in  the  Cash- 
Book  of  the  cash  received  ;  and  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  the  parties. 


POSTING. 

Instruction.— You  may  now  commence  posting,  and  post  up  the  business 
of  June.     Posting  was  explained  to  you  at  the  end  of  the  business  of  May. 


TRIAL   BALANCE. 

Instruction.— Having  posted  the  business  of  June,  it  is  now  important 
to  prove  that  it  is  done  correctly  ;  therefore  proceed  to  make  out  the  Trial 
Balance  in  the  manner  described  at  May  31st.  In  obtaining  the  balances 
of  the  accounts  iu  the  Leger,  you  must  add  up  the  sums  of  both  May  and 
June,  and  not  the  sums  of  June  only.     The  balances  are  to  be  taken  off  the 

same  as  before.  _.,-r,,  „tt^      7571.; 

In  makin^  out  that  part  of  the  Trial  Balance  called  Day-Book  balances, 

you  commence  taking  the  sums  off  from  the  Day-Book  at  the  1st  of  June ; 
but  you  must  include  the  balance  of  May  with  these  sums  ;  therefore  let  the 
balance  of  May  (taken  from  the  former  Trial  Balance;  be  the  first  sum  set 
down  on  this  part  of  the  proof. 

The  following  is  the  Trial  Balance  of  June  30  : — 


The  Trial  Balance  being  finished,  you  will  balance  the  Cash-Book  and 
proceed  with  the  business  of  July. 


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28  SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

Dr.        day-book   BALANCES   OF   JUNE  30,  1859.        Cr. 


6 

1 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 


Folio 

n 
u 
(( 
<< 
<( 
<( 

Balance  of  the 
Day-Book 


$  141 
480 
536 
603 
440 
818 
1,381 

14,214 


18,617 


New 


82 
48 
74 
05 
00 
95 
95 

07 


06 


6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
13 


Balance  of  May  31 
Folio 


OR 


K,  June  30,  1859. 


$14,799 
293 
584 
546 
411 
1,205 
175 
601 


22 
75 
39 
00 
01 
29 
80 
60 


18,617 


06 


Dr. 


LEGER    BALANCES   OF   JUNE   30,   1859. 


Cr. 


1 
3 
4 
4 

5 

7 

8 

8 

9 

9 

10 

11 

12 


W.  S.  Christmau 
I.  Farrington .  .  . 
Hallet  &  Brown 
Jas.  Ricliings  .  . 
C.  Huntington . . 

John  Sims 

J.  Jones 

W.  A.  Moale . .  . 
W.  Lawrence  . . 

R.  Jessup 

W.  B.  Brown  . . 

H.  Small 

P.  S.  Thompson 
B  A  L  A  N  c  E  of  Legei 


8 

60 

55 

26 

83 

50 

200 

499 

125 

98 

92 

134 

139 

14.214 


15,795 


09 
80 
67 
23 
40 
50 
00 
87 
50 
56 
15 
58 
97 
07 


39 


1 
1 
2 

7 

5 

7 

11 


C.  C.  Marsh .... 
Jonathan  Smith 
Pettis  &  Roorae 
Hogan  &  Miller 

J.  Stevens 

Barclay  &  Livingston . 
Alfred  Graham . .  . 


:  $4,726 
10,000 
198 
99 
255 
325 
192 

02 
00 
13 
00 
24 
00 
00 

39 

15.795 

SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


2£ 


The  Trial  Balance  being  finished,  you  will  balance  the  Cash-Book  and 
proceed  with  tlie  business  of  July. 


THE    BUSINESS    OF   JULY. 

The  Business  of  this  month  consists  of  about  Twenty-five  different  Transactions — com- 
prising Collections  in  Notes  and  Money— Paying  our  Acceptances— Receiving  Drafts 
at  Sight  and  Time— Receiving  Notes  with  Interest  for  balance  of  Accounts— Selling 
and  Drawing  Drafts— Commission  Business— Making  Shipments  on  our  Account- 
Lending  Money  on  Notes-Settlement  with  our  Clerk— Rendering  Account  Sales- 
Accepting  Drafts  at  Time— Rendering  Accounts  Current,  &c.— Trial  Balance— Bal- 
ance Sheet— Present  Capital— Net  Gain— Division  of  Gain,  &c. 

Transaction  73 — July  2. 

We  send  our  clerk  out  to  make  collections,  and  he  returns  with  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

H.  Small's  note  at  60  days,  for $130  00 

P.  S.  Thompson's  note  at  60  days,  for 100  00 

Cash  received  of  H.  Small 4  58 

Cash  received  of  P.  S.  Thompson 39  97 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Bill-Book,  in  the  Cash-Book,  and 
make  entries  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  the  persons  for  paying  us. 

Transaction  74 — July  2. 

The  draft  of  W.  A  Moale,  which  became  our  acceptance  on  the  19th  of 
June,  is  due,  and  we  have  paid  it. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  paid  column  of  the  Bill-Book,  an . 
one  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum  paid. 

Transaction  75 — July  4^ 

On  the  2tth  June,  J.  Jones,  Boston,  drew  on  us  for  $200  more  than  the 
balance  of  his  account ;  he  has  now  remitted  to  us  his  draft  at  sight  on  J. 
Stevens  for  that  sum.  Mr.  Stevens  accepts  the  draft,  but  does  not  pay  it, 
because  the  balance  of  his  account  is  in  his  favor  more  than  that  sum  ;  it  is 
therefore  by  consent  of  both  parties  considered  in  account. 

Instruction. — Make  two  entries  in  the  Day-Book,  one  to  credit  Mr.  Jones 
for  the  amount  he  has  paid  us  or  remitted  to  us,  and  one  to  debit  Mr.  Stev- 
ens for  the  amount  of  the  draft  on  him  unpaid. 

Transaction  76 — July  6. 

We  receive  of  W.  Lawrence  his  note  at  three  months  for  the  balance  of 
his  account  and  interest ;  the  balance  is  $125.50,  the  interest,  for  93  days, 
is  $1.94. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  of  the  note  in  the  Bill-Book  ;  and  make  an 
entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  Lawrence  for  the  balance  of  his  account, 
which  he  has  settled. 


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SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

Tkaxsaction  77 — July  8. 


We  liave  sold  to  Pettis  &  Iloome,  on  account,  our  draft  on  W.  A.  Moale, 
Baltimore,  at  ten  days'  sight,  for  $150. 

Instruction-. — Make  two  entries  in  the  Day-Book — one  to  debit  Messrs. 
Pettis  &  Roonie  for  the  amount  of  tlie  draft,  and  one  to  credit  Mr.  Moale 
for  the  same,  because  drawing  on  him  is  ordering  hun  to  pay  such  a  sum 
for  us. 

Transaction  78 — July  10. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  Barclay  &  Livingston  on  account. 
Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book,  and  one  in  the  Day- 
Book. 

Transaction  79— July  12. 

We  receive  of  George  Morris,  Newark,  to  be  sold  for  him  on  commission, 
25  barrels  dried  peaches.     We  pay  expenses  of  freight  and  drayage  in  cash. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book ;  and  one  in  the  Cash- 
Book  of  the  sura  paid  :  and  debit  Mr.  Morri.s  in  the  Day-Book  for  the  ex- 
l^enses  on  his  goods. 

Transaction  80— July  12. 

We  have  shipped  merchandise  and  consigned  it  to  Penasco  y  Hermanos, 
Havana,  to  be  sold  on  commission,  for  our  account,  that  is,  for  us. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book ;  and  in  the  Cash-Book 
of  the  cash  paid  for  shipping  expenses ;  and  make  one  in  the  Shipment-Book. 
No  entry  is  required  in  the  Day-Book,  because  the  consignees  do  not  owe 
us  for  the  goods,  nor  will  they  until  they  have  sold  them.  When  we  receive 
an  account  of  the  sales  of  the  goods,  then  we  shall  charge  the  gentlemen 
for  the  net  proceeds,  because  then  they  will  owe  us. 

Transaction  81— July  15. 

We  lend  cash  to  John  Sims  on  his  note  at  sLx  months,  with  six  per  cent, 
interest  added— cash  $500,  interest  $15.25. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  ;  and  one  in  the  Cash- 
Book  of  the  sum  paid  out  or  lent. 

Transaction  82 — July  16. 

Our  chief  clerk,  John  Sims,  has  retired  from  our  employment:  the 
amount  of  his  salary  for  two  months,  at  $500  per  annum,  is  $83.34.  John 
has  already  drawn  $50.50,  as  appears  by  his  account.  We  pay  him  the 
balance  due. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  John  for  the 
amount  due  him  for  the  whole  time,  and  one  to  debit  him  for  the  balance 
paid  in  full.     Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  sum  paid. 

Transaction  83 — July  16. 

We  have  retailed  merchandise  to-day  for  cash,  and  also  sold  several  bar- 
rels of  dried  peaches  which  were  with  us  on  commission. 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


31 


Instruction. — Enter  the  cash  in  the  Cash-Book  ;  and  make  an  entry  of 
the  commission  goods  in  the  Sales-Book,  but  do  not  extend  the  amount  into 
the  column  to  be  added  up  with  sales  of  our  goods,  because  we  wish  to  show 
at  the  end  of  the  Sales-Book  the  total  sales  of  our  merchandise  only. 

We  will  make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  of  goods  sold  on  commission, 
whether  for  cash  or  on  credit,  in  order  to  be  able  to  make  out  an  account 
of  the  sales  when  they  are  completed. 

Transaction  84 — July  17. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account ;  J.  Richings, 
W.  Lawrence,  and  R.  Jessup. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book,  and  in  the  Day-Book. 

Transactio.n  85 — July  18. 

We  have  received  from  W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore,  his  draft  at  three  days' 
sight,  on  C.  Huntington,  who  has  accepted  it. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  acceptance  ;  and 
one  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Mr.  Moale  for  the  amount  of  the  draft. 

Transaction  86 — July  19. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  the  following  persons  on  account :  W.  B.  Brown, 
H.  Small,  and  P.  S.  Thompson. 

Instruction. — Make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  and  Day-Book. 

Transaction  87 — July  20. 

We  have  shipped  merchandise  to  Charleston,  consigned  to  S.  Chadwick 
&  Co.,  to  be  sold  for  our  account — that  is,  for  us. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book  describing  the  goods 
shipped  ;  one  in  the  Cash-Book  of  the  expenses  paid  in  cash  ;  and  one  in 
the  Shipment-Book. 

Transaction  88 — July  21. 

We  pay  cash  to  the  following  persons  on  account :  to  Hogan  &  Miller 
$99,  to  Barclay  k  Livingston  $125,  to  A.  Graham  $50  ;  you  draw  for  your- 
self $50,  and  send  to  your  house  the  remaining  five  barrels  of  dried  peaches. 

Instruction. — Make  four  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  ;  one  in  the  Sales-Book  ; 
and  one  in  the  Day-Book  to  charge  eacti  person  who  owes  us,  including 
yourself  for  the  amount  you  have  drawn  from  our  business  and  your  capital. 

Transaction  89 — July  23. 

We  have  now  sold  all  of  the  dried  peaches  received  on  commission  from 
George  Morris,  and  we  make  out  an  account  of  the  sales  to  send  or  render 
him — total  sales  $125,  commission  and  storage  $7.25. 

Instruction. — The  Account-Sales  is  among  the  forms  and  calculations, 
and  is  made  out  from  the  Sales-Book  ;  from  it  you  make  tw^o  entries  in  the 
Day-Book — one  to  debit  Mr.  Morris  for  the  storage  and  commission  ffor 
the  freight  he  was  charged  on  receipt  of  the  goods),  and  one  to  credit  hhu 
for  the  amount  of  sales  of  his  merchandise — $125. 


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32 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


Transaction  90— July  24. 
C.  Huntington's  acceptance,  W.  A.  Moale's  draft,  is  due  and  paid. 
Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Casli-Book ;  and  one  in  the  Bill- 
Book  to  show  that  the  acceptance  is  paid. 

Transaction  91— July  27. 

We  sell  to  C.  Huntington,  on  account,  the  shipment  which  we  made  to 
Charleston  on  the  20th  inst.,  at  10  per  cent,  advance  on  cost— $dT7— 
amounting  to  $414.70. 

iNSTRUCTioN.-Make  an  entry  in  the  Shipment-Book  to  show  the  amount 
of  the  sale ;  and  make  an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  Mr.  Huntmgtou 
for  the  sum  he  owes  us  for  the  shipment. 

Transaction  92— July  28. 

We  sell  merchandise  to  George  Morris  on  account,  and  we  pay  him  the 
balance  of  his  account  hi  cash— $46.38. 

Instruction.— Make  an  entry  in  the  Sales-Book,  one  in  the  Cash-Book, 
and  one  in  the  Day-Book  to  debit  Mr.  Morris  for  the  sum  paid  him. 

Transaction  93— July  29. 

We  buy  merchandise  of  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.,  and  deliver  in  payment 
our  note  at  three  months  for  one  half  of  their  biU-the  remainder  is  unpaid. 

iNSTRUCTioN.-Make  an  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book  one  in  the  Bill-Book 
and  one  in  the  Day-Book  to  credit  Messrs.  Parker,  Howard,  L  Co    for  the 
bafance  unpaid.     Or,  we  may  make  two  Day-Book  ^"Jnes-one  to  credit, 
them  for  the  whole  amount,  and  one  to  charge  them  for  the  half  paid- 
which  is  rather  clearer. 

Transaction  94 — July  30. 

Our  clerk  returns  from  collecting,  with  cash  received  of  I.  Farrington 
$26.80,  and  of  R.  Jessup  $32.81.  . 

iNSTRUCTiON.-Make  entries  in  the  Cash-Book  ;  and  make  an  entry  m  the 
Day-Book  to  credit  the  persons  for  their  payments. 

Transaction  95 — July  30. 

We  have  accepted  Alfred  Graham's  draft  at  sixty  days,  in  favor  of  R. 
M'Murray,  for  $142. 

IvsTRUCTioN.-Make  an  entry  in  the  Bill-Book  of  the  acceptance ;  and 
an  entry  in  the  Day-Book  to  charge  Mr.  Graham  for  drawing  on  us. 

Transaction  96 — July  30. 
We  make  out  accounts-current  for  W.  A.  Moale  and  for  C.  Huntington 
and  find  a  balance  of  interest  in  our  favor  -J^-/^^^^^^^^ 
cents,  and  a  balance  of  interest  in  our  favor  on  Mr.  Huntington  .  accouni 

''  ll'sTRUCTioN-Make  Day-Book  entries-one  to  charge  or  ^ef  ^I^^^^^^^^^^ 
for  balance  of  interest  on  his  account,  and  one  to  charge  Mr.  Huntington 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


33 


for  the  balance  due  us.    These  accounts-current  may  be  found  among  the 
forms  and  calculations  at  the  end  of  this  book. 

Transaction  97 — July  31. 

We  attended  auction  to-day,  and  bought  a  brig  for  $5,000  ;  and  we  sold 
our  purchase  to  Mr.  G.  Law  at  10%  advance,  and  received  a  check  for  the 
amount — $500. 

Instruction. — Make  an  entry  in  the  Cash-Book. 


POSTINQ. 

Instruction. — You  may  now  commence  posthig,  and  post  up  the  business 
of  July. 


TRIAL   BALANCE. 

Instruction. — You  have  now  posted  the  business  of  July  ;  the  next  thing 
is  to  make  out  the  Proof  or  Trial  Balance,  which  is  to  be  done  in  the  same 
manner  as  you  did  at  the  end  of  May  and  June.  The  last  Day-Book  bal- 
ance must  be  brought  on  the  present  sheet,  as  in  the  former  instance. 

'  Having  made  out  the  Trial  Balance,  you  will  then  proceed  to  balance  the 
Cash-Book ;  and  if,  in  the  Sales  and  Invoice  Books,  the  amounts  of  each 
page  are  not  added  and  carried  forward  from  page  to  page,  you  may  now 
carry  them  forward,  so  that  the  end  of  the  Invoice-Book  may  show  the 
whole  cost  of  our  merchandise,  and  the  end  of  the  Sales-Book  may  show 
the  amount  of  our  sales. 

Since  these  books  are  to  embrace  no  more  than  the  three  months'  business 
already  entered,  your  attention  is  now  called  to  the  Balance-Sheet  and  to 
the  closing  of  the  accounts,  which,  although  done  now  at  the  end  of  three 
months,  are  yearly  operations  in  busmess.  , 

The  following  is  the  Trial  Balance  of  July  30  :— 

3 


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34 


Dr. 


SIKGLE-ENTllY  BOOK-KEEPING. 
DAY-BOOK   BALANCES   OF   JULY  31,  1859. 


Cr. 


13 
14 
15 
16 
17 

Folio 

$    200 
192 
667 
530 
144 

14,353 

00 
34 

87 
20 
18 

73 
32 

13 
14 
15 
16 

Balance  of  June  30 
Folio 

$14,214 
474 

683 
400 
315 

07 
55 

84 
00 
86 

32 

(< 

ti 

ii 

(< 

a 

i( 

Balance  of  the 
Day-Book 

16,088 

16,088 

* 

Dr. 


LEGER   BALANCES   OF   JULY   31,   1859. 


Cr. 


2 
3 
4 
4 

5 
9 
9 

10 
11 
12 


W.  S.  Christman . 
I.  Farrington .... 
Hallet  &  Brown  . 
Jas.  •Richings  . . . 
C.  Huntington . ,  . 
W.  Lawrence  . . . 

R.  Jessup 

W.  B.  Brown  .  . . 

H.  Small 

P.  S.  Thompson  . 
Balance  of  Leger 


$        8 

09 

1 

40 

00 

1 

55 

67 

2 

37 

48 

5 

499 

36 

7 

56 

85 

8 

150 

00 

11 

119 

40 

65 

67 

73 

60 

14,353 

73 

85 

15,459 

New 

Y 

OR 

C.  C.  Marsh 

Jonathan  Smith  . . 
Pettis  &  Roorae  . . 

J.  Stevens 

Barclay  &  Livingston . 

W.  A.  Moale 

Parker,  Howard,  & 
Co 


K,  July  31,  1859. 


$4,651 

10,000 

48 

55 

525 

49 

131 


15.459 


02 
00 
13 
24 
00 
21 

25 


85 


BALANCE     SHEET 


OF 


JULY    31,    1859. 


SMITH   &   MARSH. 


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DR. 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

BALANCES    OF    OUR 


2 

3 

4 

4 

5 

9 

9 

10 

11 

12 


Cash balance  on 

Bill  Receivable balance  on 

Shipments no  returns, 

Merchandise balance  in 

W.  S.  Christman balance  in 

I.  Farrington balance  in 

James  Richings balance  in 

Hallet  &  Brown.  . .  .balance  in 

0.  Huntington balance  in 

William  Lawrence .. balance  in 

Richard  Jessup balance  in 

Wm.  B.  Brown balance  in 

Henry  Small balance  in 

P.  S.  Thompson balance  in 


band,  per  Cash  Book . 
hand,  per  Bill  Book . . 
per  Shipment  Book . . 
Store,  per  Inventory. . 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

our  favor 

Dollars 


CALCULATION- 
TO  ascertain  the  Gain  or  Loss  of  the  Business. 

Net  Capital  of  July  31,  1859,  as  above $15,664  19 

Add  amount  drawn  by  the  partners,  per  their 

accounts 348  98 

16,013  17 
Net  Capital  at  commencement  of  Business, 

May  4,  1859 15,000  00 

Net  Gain  to  divide 1,013  17 

Of  which  J.  Smith's  share  is 506  58 

Of  which  C.  C.  Marsh's  share  is 506  59 


$  1,013 


n 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


•  IT 

oT 


PROPERTY    AND    DEBTS. 


CR. 


2 
5 
7 
8 
10 

Bills  Payable balance  outstanding,  per  Bill  Bk. 

Pettis  &  Roome balance  in  their  favor 

John  Stevens balance  in  his  favor 

$  1,437 
48 
55 

525 
49 

131 

37 
13 
24 

Barclay  &  Livingston. balance  in  their  favor 

00 

W.  A.  MoALE balance  in  his  favor 

21 

Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.  balance  in  their  favor 

Balance — being  our  Net  Capital 

Of  which  Jonathan  Smith's  share  is $10,506  58 

Of  which  C.  C.  Marsh's  share  is 5,157  61 

25 

2,246 
15,664 

20 
19 

15,664  19 

^ — ^                                        Dollars 

17,910 

39 

New  York,  July  31,  1859. 

per  Jno.  Sims. 

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SINGLt]-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


BALANCE-SHEET. 


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Instruction*. — The  Balance-Shcet  is  to  exhibit  a  statement  of  the  situa- 
tion of  our  mercantile  afliiirs — to  show  how  we  stand — or  what  are  our 
property  and  debts  (or  assets  and  liabiHties),  our  net  capital,  and  the  net 
g-ain  of  our  business. 

The  Balance-Sheet  should  be  made  out  once  or  twice  a  year ;  oftener 
would  be  attended  with  much  inconvenience,  as  it  is  necessary  to  take  an  ac- 
count of  the  entire  stock  of  goods  on  hand  or  in  store — the  amount  of  which 
forms  an  important  item  on  the  Balance-Sheet. 

In  making  out  the  Balance-Sheet,  you  will  rule  a  sheet  of  cap  paper  to 
correspond  with  the  foregoing  form.  The  entries  on  the  sheet  are  obtained 
from  the  Legcr,  the  Bill-Book,  the  Cash-Book,  the  Shipment-Book,  and  from 
an  inventory  of  goods  unsold  in  the  store :  the  last  amount  must  be  suj)- 
posed  in  the  present  instance,  as  we  have  no  goods. 

When  the  entries  of  all  we  have  and  all  we  owe  are  made  on  the  debtor 
and  creditor  sides  of  the  sheet,  you  will  add  the  debtor  and  creditor  columns, 
and  subtract  one  amount  from  the  other.  If  the  debtor  side  exceeds,  the 
balance,  or  excess,  is  net  capital ;  but  if  the  creditor  side  exceeds,  the  bal- 
ance is  the  sura  we  owe  more  than  we  possess. 

The  Gain  or  Loss  of  the  Business  is  found  by  comparing  the  present 
capital  with  the  former,  and  by  adding  to  the  present  capital  whatever  sums 
the  partners  may  have  drawn  out  during  the  time — because,  had  the  part- 
ners not  drawn  out  anything,  the  present  capital  would  have  been  larger, 
and  consequently  a  larger  gain  for  division.  The  net  gain  of  the  business, 
as  appears  by  the  calculation  at  the  foot  of  the  Balance-Sheet,  is  $1,013.17 
— which  being  ascertained  with  due  care,  should  be  divided  between  us,  and 
carried  to  tlie  credit  of  our  accounts  in  the  Leger  ;  therefore  we  make  the 
Day-Book  entry  under  date  of  July  31,  so  that  our  individual  accounts  may 
show  our  present  net  capitals  as  they  appear  on  the  Balance-Sheet. 

The  sheet  is  closed  or  balanced  by  the  last  two  entries  on  the  credit  side 
(generally  written  in  red),  showing  a  division  of  the  balance— $15,664.19^ 
between  the  partners.  Each  partner's  shar^  of  the  net  capital  is  found  by 
adding  his  share  of  the  net  gain  to  the  balance  of  his  account  as  it  stands. 


CLOSINa  ACCOUNTS. 


You  will  now  proceed  to  close  all  the  accounts. 

To  close  an  account  is  to  cause  its  debtor  and  creditor  sides  to  equal  in 

amount. 

Instruction. — Turn  to  the  first  page  in  the  Leger,  and  close  your  own 
account  by  placing  the  balance  on  the  lesser  side  of  the  account,  which 
causes  the  account  to  balance  or  close — that  is,  to  add  up  even  ;  then  draw 
the  lines,  and  set  the  totals  at  the  foot  of  the  columns.  The  closing  entry 
should  be  written  in  red  ink,  in  order  to  distinguish  that  entry  from  all 
others  on  the  same  account. 

Proceed  in  the  same  manner  througli  the  Leger,  closing  every  account. 


'  I 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEKriXC;. 


The  object  of  closing  the  accounts  is  to  prevent  then  l)ecoming  very  long 
or  large  in  amount ;  a«d  where  there  is  a  balance,  to  separate  it  from  ihe 
rest  of  the  account,  so  that  when  the  account  is  closed  and  the  balance 
brought  down,  the  account  may  begin  anew  with  only  one  sum. 


OPENINQ   ACCOUNTS. 

Instruction.— You  will  now  proceed  to  open  all  the  accounts  which  you 
liave  just  closed.  This  is  done  by  bringing  forward  the  balance  :  the  balance 
must  be  brought  down  or  forward  so  as  to  be  what  it  was  before  the  account 
was  closed— that  is,  if  the  person  owes,  the  balance  must  be  brought  down 
on  the  debtor  side  of  the  account,  and,  if  w^e  owe  the  person,  the  balance 
must  be  brought  down  on  the  creditor  side.     The  balances  are  brought 

forward  in  black  ink. 

By  closing  and  opening  the  accounts  as  you  have  done,  you  separate  the 
balance  from  all  the  other  suras  ;  and  every  account  coraraences  anew  with 
only  one  sura  on  it,  and  that  sura  is  the  one  which  we  owe  or  which  is  due 
to  us.  The  accounts  are  now  prepared  for  a  continuation  of  the  business, 
if  we  were  going  on  with  more  transactions. 


Remarks.— You  have  now  passed  through  the  course  of  practice  and  in- 
struction erabraced  in  this  book  ;  you  have  disposed  of  the  business  of  May, 
June  and  July,  consisting  of  more  than  a  hundred  transactions,  in  the  va- 
rious' account-i30oks ;  you  have  made  out  the  Trial  Balance  three  times ; 
you  have  exhibited  the  result  of  your  business  in  the  form  of  a  Balance- 
Sheet  •  you  have  opened,  conducted,  closed,  and  re-opened,  about  twenty- 
four  accounts  in  the  Leger  ;  and,  from  the  frequent  use  you  have  made  of 
the  Invoice-Book,  Sales-Book,  Bill-Book,  Cash-Book,  Day-Book,  and  Leger, 
we  hope  you  have  become  well  acquainted  with  the  nature  and  object  of 
each  •  therefore  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  conclude  that  you  possess  a  good 
understanding  of  an  improved  system  of  single-entry  book-keeping. 

One  word  of  advice :  there  is  a  quality,  which  is  often  predominant  m  the 
minds  of  young  persons,  that  renders  almost  useless  the  most  useful  knowl- 
edge •  it  is  carelessness.  There  may  be  an  excuse  for  ignorance,  but  there 
is  none  for  carelessness.  How  very  ridiculous  it  is  to  copy  a  line,  write  a 
word  or  set  down  a  figure,  and  immediately  after  it  is  done  to  perceive  that 
it  is  wrono-  You  can  not  execute  the  simplest  thing  in  accounts  without 
attention  Snd  thought ;  therefore  never  attempt  it.  The  principles  of  book- 
keepino-  being  clearly  established  in  your  mind,  it  becomes  the  easiest  thing 
in  the  worid  to  avoid  errors ;  vou  have  only  to  reverse  the  order  of  thought 
and  action,  and  think  before  you  act  instead  of  after,  which  will  soon  give 
you  a  habit  of  correctness,  besides  saving  you  much  trouble  and  labor. 

I  recommend  to  your  particular  attention  the  calculations  at  the  latter 
part  of  this  book  ;  they  are  important. 

The  following  questions  are  given  as  a  review  of  all  you  have  been  en- 
gaged in  during  this  study,  and  it  is  presumed  that  correct  answers  will  be 
readily  afforded  by  you. 


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40 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


QUESTIONS 


DESIGNED    TO    REVIEW    THE    STUDENT. 


1.  What  is  the  Cash-Book  ? 

2.  What  is  tlic  Invoice-Book  ? 

3.  What  is  the  Sales-Book? 

4.  What  is  the  Bill-Book? 

6.  What  is  the  Shipment-Book  ? 

6.  What  is  the  Day-Book  ? 

7.  What  is  the  Leger? 

CASH-BOOK. 

8.  What  will  be  the  first  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  ? 

9.  What  will  be  the  second  entry  in  the  Cash-Book  ? 

10.  On  which  side  of  the  Cash-Book  are  the  sums  you  pay  out  entered? 

11.  Which  side  of  the  Cash-Book  can  show  the  greater  amount? 

12.  With  what  should  the  balance  of  the  Cash-Book  correspond? 

13.  Do  you  enter  the  sums  received  for  retail  sales  separately  in  the 

Cash-Book  ? 

14.  If  you  were  entirely  out  of  money,  which  side  of  your  Cash-Book 

would  be  the  greater  ? 

INVOICE-BOOK. 

15.  What  would  be  the  first  entry  in  the  Invoice-Book? 

16.  When  do  you  make  entries  in  the  Invoice-Book  ? 

n.  From  what  do  you  make  entries  in  the  Invoice-Book? 

18.  Are  your  goods  and  the  goods  of  other  persons,  entered  in  the  same 

way  in  the  Invoice-Book. 

19.  What  is  the  difference  in  the  entries? 

20.  Can  you  ascertain  what  your  merchandise  cost  ? 

21.  How  will  you  find  the  whole  cost  of  your  merchandise? 

SALES-BOOK 

22.  What  will  be  the  first  entry  in  the  Sales-Book  ? 

23.  When  should  you  make  entries  in  the  Sales-Book  ? 

24.  Of  what  should  the  entry  in  the  Sales-Book  consist? 

25.  From  what  do  you  make  out  the  bills  of  goods  sold  ? 

26.  Do  you  make  any  difference  in  the  entries  of  your  goods  and  the 

goods  of  others,  in  the  Sales-Book  ? 
21  Can  you  ascertain  the  total  amount  of  your  sales? 

28.  Does  the  Sales-Book  include  all  the  sales  ? 

29.  How  will  you  find  the  amount  of  your  sales  ? 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


BILL-BOOK. 


41 


30.  What  will  be  the  first  entry  in  the  Bill-Book? 

31.  What  are  the  two  kinds  of  notes  called? 

32.  What  is  meant  by  bills  payable  ? 

33.  What  is  meant  by  bills  receivable  ? 

34.  When  are  entries  to  be  made  in  the  Bill-Book  ? 

35.  Do  you  write  in  every  column  at  the  time  you  enter  a  note  in  the 

Bill-Book  ? 

36.  Which  column  remains  blank? 

37  How  do  you  know  that  all  the  notes  you  had  are  paid? 

38.  How  do  you  find  the  amount  of  notes  unpaid  ? 

SHIPMENT-BOOK. 

39.  When  do  you  make  entries  in  the  Shipment-Book  ? 

40.  Of  what  do  the  entries  in  the  Shipment-Book  consist  ? 

41    What  entry  is  required  in  the  Shipment-Book  when  a  shipment  has 
been  sold  ? 

DAY-BOOK 

42.  What  will  be  the  first  entry  in  the  Day-Book  ? 

43.  What  transactions  appear  in  the  Day-Book  ? 

44.  When  should  entries  be  made  in  the  Day-Book? 

45.  Do  you  make  separate  entries  of  the  persons,  or  do  you  allow  several 

names  to  come  into  one  entry  in  the  Day-Book  ? 

46.  Do  you  enumerate  the  articles  bought  or  sold  in  the  Day-Book? 

47.  Why  do  you  not  enumerate  the  articles  bought  or  sold  in  the  Day- 

Book  ? 

48.  Why  do  you  in  every  Day-Book  entry  use  the  terms  Dr.  or  Cr.  ? 

49.  How  do  you  know  when  a  person  is  a  debtor  ? 

50.  How  do  you  know  when  a  person  is  a  creditor  ? 

51    If  you  have  owed,  for  some  time,  John  Stevens  $100,  is  he  a  debtor 
or  creditor  ? 

52.  If  you  now  pay  him  what  you  owed,  is  he  a  debtor  or  creditor? 

53.  Why  is  he  a  debtor  ? 

54.  In  what  way  is  the  claim  nullified  or  settled  ? 

LEGER. 

55.  Wherein  is  the  utility  of  the  Leger,  since  what  it  contains  is  in  the 

Day-Book  ? 

56.  From  what  book  do  you  make  entries  in  the  Leger? 

57.  What  is  the  balance  of  an  account  ? 

58.  On  which  side  of  John  Stevens's  account  should  the  balance  be,  for 

you  owe  to  him  ? 

59.  What  is  posting? 

00.  What  is  debiting  a  person  ? 

61.  What  is  crediting  a  person  ? 

62.  What  is  "on  account"? 

63.  What  is  balancing  an  account  ? 

64.  What  is  closing  an  account  ? 

65.  What  is  opening  an  account  ? 


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42  SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

BUSINESS    TRANSACTIONS. 
66.  If  you  buy  merchandise  for  cash,  in  what  books  should  entries  be 

made? 
6t.  If  you  buy  on  account— that  is,  not  paid  for— in  wliat  books  do  yon 

make  entries  ? 

68.  If  you  buy  on  your  note? 

69.  If  you  merely  exchange  merchandise,  what  entries  are  requn-ed  ? 

70.  If  yon  soil  merchandise  on  account,  what  entries  are  required  ? 
7L  If  you  sell  merchandise  for  cash,  what  entries  are  required  ? 

72.  If  you  sell  merchandise  to  John  Stevens  on  his  note,  what  entries 

arc  required  ? 

73.  If  you  receive  cash  of  John  Stevens,  what  entries  are  required  r 

74.  If  you  receive  cash  for  John  Stevens's  note,  what  entries  are  re- 

quired ? 

75.  If  you  pay  postage,  what  entries  are  required  ? 

76.  If  you  pay  the  rent  of  your  store,  what  entries  are  required?  ^ 

77.  If  you  pay  rent  for  your  dwelling-house,  what  entries  are  required? 

78.  If  you  pay  your  note  now  due,  what  entries  are  required? 

79!  If  you  give  or  deliver  your  note  to  John  Stevens,  for  balance  of  ac- 
count, what  entries  do  you  make  ? 

80.  If  you  receive  of  John  Stevens  his  note,  for  balance  of  account,  what 
entries  do  you  make  ? 

81    What  is  the  difference  between  these  two  notes  ? 

82.  If  a  note  on  John  Stevens  becomes  due  and  remains  unpaid,  what 

entries  do  you  make  ?  ^      /.     .       ,    ^ 

83.  If  John  Stevens  owes  you  $100  and  you  accept  $98  for  it,  what  sum 

do  you  credit  him  for  ? 

84.  If  you  draw  on  John  Stevens,  does  he  become  a  debtor  or  creditor  i 

85.  Why  is  he  a  creditor  ?  .       t    ^ 

86.  If  John  Stevens  draws  a  draft  on  you,  and  you  accept  it,  what  en- 

tries are  required  ? 

87.  Why  do  you  debit  John  Stevens  in  the  last  question? 

88.  What  is  accepting  a  draft  ? 

TRIAL-BALANCE. 

89.  When  do  you  post  ?  ',10 

90.  Is  there  any  way  to  prove  that  you  have  posted  correctly  i 

91.  How  is  that  proof  obtained? 

'    92.  What  name  would  you  give  the  paper  on  which  the  proof  is  made  .' 

93.  What  are  the  operations  that  are  proved  by  the  Trial  Balance? 

94,  How  often  is  it  expedient  to  make  a  Trial  Balance? 

95.  Would  you  preserve  the  Trial  Balance  ? 

BALANCE-SHEET. 

96,  What  is  a  Balance  Sheet? 

97    From  what  is  the  Balance  Sheet  made  up? 

98!  Which  comes  on  its  debtor  side,  what  you  have,  or  what  you  owe? 
99!  How  do  you  ascertain  the  amount  of  your  net  capital  ? 
100!  How  do  you  ascertain  the  net  gain  of  your  business? 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


43 


101.  In  what  way  is  the  amount  of  merchandise  on  the  Balance-Sheet 

obtained? 

102.  Why  was  it  supposed? 

103.  How  do  you  find  the  gain  on  the  merchandise  that  has  been  sold  f 

104.  Do  you  like  book-keeping  as  a  study? 

105.  I  perceive  you  have  become  adepts  in  the  art  of  single-entry  ;  will 

you  engage  in  the  science  of  double-entry  book-keeping  ? 

106.  You  are  right ;  and  I  am  much  pleased  that  you  prefer  to  pursue 

and  exhaust  the  subject,  rather  than  to  allow  the  subject  to  ex- 
haust you.  What  book  will  you  give  the  preference  in  studying 
double-entry  book-keeping  ? 


107.  Suppose  that  the  balance  ($150)  owing  on  these  books  by  Richard 
Jessup  is  deemed  to  be  a  bad  debt ;  and  that  Mr,  Smith  offers 
to  sell  his  interest  ($75)  in  said  debt,  to  his  partner  Mr.  Marsh, 
for  $25  :  and  that  Mr.  Marsh  accepting  the  offer,  receives  a  draft 
on  Mr.  Jessup  for  the  amount  of  the  debt,  $150.  Now  what  en- 
tries are  required  to  arrange  this  affair  on  the  books  of  the  firm — 
Smith  Sf'  Marsh? 


ANSWEKS    TO    THE    QUESTIONS 

DESIGNED  TO  REVIEW  THE  STUDENT. 


6. 


6 


7 


1  The  book  in  which  I  enter  every  sum  of  cash  received  and  paid. 

2*  The  book  in  which  are  copied  all  bills  of  goods  bought  or  received, 

3  The  book  in  which  I  make  a  description  of  all  goods  sold  on  credit. 

4  The  book  in  which  I  describe  all  the  notes  in  my  favor  or  against  me. 
*  The  book  in  which  I  describe  the  shipments  I  have  made,  to  be  sold 

for  myself.  .  , .  , 

The  book  that  shows  all  the  transactions  which  cause  persons  to 

owe  me,  and  me  to  owe  persons. 
The  book  that  contains  all  the  accounts  of  persons  who  owe  me,  or 
whom  I  owe. 

CASH-BOOK. 

8.  The  sum  of  cash  on  hand  at  the  commencement  of  business. 

9*.  The  first  sum  of  cash  paid  away  or  received. 

10.  On  the  creditor  side. 

1 1  The  debtor  ;  the  creditor  side  can  not  exceed  it. 

12.  It  should  correspond  with  the  sum  of  cash  on  hand. 

13.  No,  sir. 

14.  Neither;  thev  would  baiance. 


(    ■  M 


)  1  = 


,1 


ir. 


I' 


44  SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

INVOICE-BOOK. 

15.  A  description  of  the  goods  on  hand  at  commencement,  or  of  the  first 

goods  purchased. 

16.  At  the  time  the  goods  are  received,  if  no  bill  accompanies  them,  and 

as  soon  as  convenient  if  a  bill  is  furnished. 
IT.  From  the  bill  or  invoice  that  is  received. 

18.  Not  exactly. 

19.  The  amounts  of  our  goods  are  extended  into  the  dollars'  column,  and 

the  amounts  of  other  goods  are  not  extended. 

20.  Yes,  sir. 

21.  It  is  shown  on  the  last  page  of  the  Invoice-Book,  because  the 

amounts  in  the  Invoice-Book  are  carried  forward  from  page  to  page. 

SALES-BOOK. 

22.  A  description  of  the  first  goods  sold  on  credit. 

23.  At  the  time  the  goods  are  sold  or  ordered. 

24.  Of  the  quantity,  quality,  and  price  of  the  goods  sold. 

25.  From  the  Sales-Book. 

26.  Yes,  sir. 

27.  Yes,  sir. 

28.  No,  sir.     The  retail  cash  sales  are  not  entered  in  the  Sales-Book ; 

but  they  might  be  included,  and  then  the  last  page  of  the  Sales- 
Book  would  show  the  total  sales. 

29.  By  reference  to  the  last  page  of  the  Sales-Book,  for  the  credit  sales, 

and  to  the  Cash-Book  for  the  retail  cash  sales. 


f  i 


BILL-BOOK. 

30.  A  description  of  the  first  note  issued  against  me,  or  received. 

31.  Bills  receivable,  and  bills  payable. 

32.  The  notes  which  are  against  me,  and  which  I  shall  have  to  pay. 

33.  The  notes  that  are  in  my  favor,  the  amounts  of  which  I  am  to  receive. 

34.  At  the  time  of  receiving  or  issuing  a  note. 

35.  No,  sir. 

36.  The  one  headed  "Remarks." 

37.  Bv  reference  to  the  column  headed  "  Remarks"  ;  if  there  are  no  blank 

lines  in  this  column,  all  the  notes  are  paid. 

38.  By  selecting  the  amounts  from  the  Bill-Book  with  reference  to  the 

paid  column. 

SHIPMENT-BOOK. 

39.  At  the  time  the  shipment  is  made. 

40.  The  number  of  the  shipment,  the  date,  the  place  consigned  to,  the 

house  consigned  to,  the  amount,  and  the  amount  sold  for. 

41.  Merely  the  amount  sold  for  entered  in  the  column  headed  "  Sales." 

DAY-BOOK. 

42.  An  entry  to  show  ray  capital,  or  what  I  commence  busine.«5s  with. 

43.  Those  transactions  which  give  rise  to,  or  cause,  debtors  ov  creditors 

44.  Daily,  as  the  transactions  occur,  or  once  a  week. 

45.  Both,  sir,  as  convcnieace  dictates. 


L    .1 


SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 


45 


46.  No,  sir  ;  not  when  there  are  several. 

47.  Because  it  is  more  convenient  to  keep  a  book  for  that  purpose,  m 

which  any  person  in  the  house  may  write — namely,  Sales-Book. 

48.  Because  the  persons  of  those  entries  owe  me,  or  I  owe  them,  and  no 

terms  appear  to  express  that  as  well  as  "  Dr."  and  "  Cr." 

49.  I  must  be  stupid,  indeed,  if  I  can't  tell  when  a  person  owes  me  ;  and 

when  he  owes  me,  he  is  debtor. 

50.  He  is  creditor,  when  I  owe  him. 
61.  He  is  creditor. 

52.  He  is  debtor. 

53.  Because  he  owes  me ;  he  owes  me  for  the  amount  I  have  paid  nim. 

54.  By  both  parties  owing  each  other  like  amounts. 

LEGER. 

55  In  the  Day-Book  the  sums  that  a  person  owes  me  are  scattered  from 
page  to  page,  from  the  beginning  of  the  Day-Book  to  the  end ; 
but  in  the  Leger  those  sums  are  all  drawn  on  to  one  page,  and 
present  at  one  view  the  result  of  my  business  with  him. 

56.  From  the  Day-Book. 

57.  The  difference  between  the  debtor  and  creditor  pages  or  columns. 

58.  On  the  creditor  side. 

59.  Making  entries  in  the  Leger. 

60.  ]\Iaking  an  entry  on  the  debtor  side  of  his  account. 

61.  Making  an  entry  on  the  creditor  side  of  his  account. 

62.  On  "account"  means  on  credit,  or  to  be  charged  or  entered  on  the 

person's  account. 

63.  Causing  the  debtor  and  creditor  columns  to  equal  or  balance. 

64.  The  same  as  balancing. 

65.  Making  the  first  entry  on  an  account,  or  bringing  forward  the  bal- 

ance after  the  account  has  been  closed. 

BUSINESS    TRANSACTIONS. 

66.  In  the  Invoice-Book  and  Cash-Book. 

67.  In  the  Invoice-Book  and  Day-Book. 

68.  In  the  Invoice-Book  and  Bill-Book. 

69.  lu  the  Invoice-Book  and  Sales-Book. 

70.  In  the  Sales-Book  and  Day-Book. 

71.  In  the  Sales-Book  and  Cash-Book. 

72.  In  the  Sales-Book  and  Bill-Book. 

73.  In  the  Cash-Book  and  Day-Book. 

74.  In  the  Cash-Book  and  Bill-Book. 

75.  In  the  Cash-Book. 

76.  In  the  Cash-Book. 

77.  In  the  Cash-Book  and  Day-Book. 

78.  In  the  Cash-Book  and  Bill-Book. 

79.  In  the  Bill-Book  and  Dav-Book. 

80.  In  the  Bill-Book  and  Day-Book. 

81.  One  is  against  me,  and  the  other  is  in  my  favor ;  the  first  is  bills 

payable,  the  second  is  bills  receivable. 

82.  In  the  Bill-Book  and  in  the  Day-Book— the  last  to  charge  him  for 

the  sum  of  tlie  note  due  and  unpaid. 


rl 


!fl| 


ui 


t   i 


t    . 


i    i 


»   '. 


! 


46  SINGLE-ENTRY  BOOK-KEEPING. 

83.  For  $100. 

84.  My  creditor. 

85.  Because  I  owe  him  the  amount  I  have  drawn  on  him  for  ;  he  pays  or 

is  to  pay,  by  my  order,  that  sum  for  me. 

86.  In  tlie  Bill-Book,  if  the  draft  has  time,  and  in  the  Day-Book. 

87.  Because  he  owes  me  ;  by  my  accepting  his  draft  I  agree  to  pay  such 

a  sum  for  him. 

88.  Placing  ray  name  on  it,  across  its  face. 

TRIAL-BALANCE. 

89.  Once  a  month,  if  the  nature  of  the  business  does  not  require  it 

oftener. 

90.  Yes,  sir. 

91.  By  ascertaining  the  balance  between  the  debtor  and  creditor  sums 

in  the  Day-Book,  and  the  balance  between  the  debtor  and  creditor 
sums  in  the  Leger  ;  if  these  balances  are  alike,  the  proof  is  obtained. 

92.  The  Trial  Balance. 

93.  The  posting,  additions,  aud  subtractions  in  the  Leger. 

94.  Once  a  month. 

95.  Yes,  sir. 

BALANCE-SHEET. 

96.  It  is  an  exhibition  of  my  property  and  debts — my  assets  and  liabili- 

ties— to  show  how  I  stand  in  business. 

97.  It  is  made  up  chiefly  from  the  Leger,  and  from  the  other  books 

amounts  are  also  obtained  for  it ;  the  amount  of  merchandise  un- 
sold on  hand  must  be  found  by  taking  an  account  of  stock — that 
is,  an  inventory  of  the  goods  on  hand,  at  cost. 

98.  What  I  possess,  and  on  the  creditor  what  I  owe. 

99.  By  subtracting  what  I  owe  from  what  I  possess. 

100.  By  subtracting  my  former  capital  from  my  present  capital,  and  add- 

ing to  the  balance  the  amount  found  on  the  debtor  side  of  my  ac- 
count which  may  have  been  drawn  for  personal  expenses. 

101.  By  taking  an  account  of  the  goods  in  store  ;  in  the  present  instance 

it  was  a  supposed  sum. 

102.  Because  I  supposed  that  I  bought,  and  supposed  that  I  sold ;  and 

therefore  I  must  suppose  an  amount  on  hand ;  but  were  I  in  real 
business  I  should  not  suppose. 

103.  By  subtracting  the  amount  of  goods  on  hand,  at  cost,  from  the  cost 

of  the  whole  amount  bought,  I  obtain  the  cost  of  what  has  been 
sold ;  this  sum  subtracted  from  the  total  sales  found  at  the  end 
of  the  Sales-Book,  will  give  the  gain  on  the  merchandise  sold. 

104.  105.  106.  107.  


DAY-BOOK. 


S.  &  M. 


1859 


47 


i 


1  J 


hi 


1 1 

i 

1       I 


\ 


» 


,! 


;  I 

i  I 

i    » 

i 


li^ 


!      J 


II 


NOTE. 

The  Day-Book,  ia  Single-Entry,  is  designed  to  record  all  that  class  of 
transactions  in  which  there  are  persons  whom  we  can  call  Debtors  or 
Creditors. 

The  entries  in  this  book  are  generally  drawn  from  the  Cash-Book,  Invoice- 
Book,  Sales-Book,  and  Bill-Book.  In  some  cases  a  transaction  appears 
first  in  this  book. 

From  this  book  the  sums  are  posted  —  or  transferred  to  the  Leger  —  for 
these  entries  designate  what  accounts  are  to  be  opened  in  that  book,  and 
who  debited  and  who  credited  for  the  sums. 

As  we  desire  to  show  at  the  foot  of  each  page  of  this  book  the  total  of 
the  sums  belonging  to  the  debtor  names,  and  also  the  total  of  the  creditor 
sums,  we  place  the  debtor  sums  in  one  column  and  the  creditor  sums  in  the 
other,  instead  of  extending  all  the  sums  into  one  and  the  same  column. 

The  totals  at  the  foot  of  the  columns  of  each  page  are  used  on  the  Trial 
Balance.  The  figures  in  the  left-hand  column  are  the  pages  of  the  accounts 
in  the  Leger,  placed  against  the  names  at  the  time  of  posting. 


48 


1 


NEW   YORK,    MAY    4,    1859. 


2 


C.  C.  Marsh 


Cr. 


For  Cash  received  of  him  as  capital 

Jonathan  Smith  Cr. 


For  Cash  received  of  him  as  capital 
5 


Pettis  &  Roome 


Cr. 


For  Merchandise  bought  of  them,  on  ac- 
count, Invoice-Book,  folio  1 


HoGAN  &  Miller 


Cr. 


For  Merchandise  bought  of  them,  on  ac- 
count, I.  B.  1 


Hallet  &  Brown 


8 


Cr. 


For  Merchandise  bought  of  them,  'Qi  six 
months'  credit,  I.  B.  2 


John  Stevens 


II 


Dr. 


For  Cash  lent  to  him , 


14 


Hallett  &  Brown 


Dr. 


For  our  Note  tJD  six  months,  for  amount 
of  their  bill  of  8th  inst 


15 


Pettis  &  Roome 


Dr. 


For  Cash  paid  to  them  on  account. 


49 


$5,000    00 


10,000    00 


265    60 


59 


42 


$    50  !  00 


296 


50 


396 


36 


00 


296    36 


15621 


38 


I  ! 


-■t 


'       1] 


s4.i 


f « 


'i'i  I 


••    ! 


I  i 


if 


2 


NEW   YOBK,   MAY   16,   1859. 


6 


Charles  Simmons 


Cr. 


For  amount  of  his  bill  for  painting,  &c . . 


<( 


7     Barclay  &  Livingston 


Cr. 


For    balance    of   bill    of    Merchandise, 
LB.  2 


n 


2 


Pettis  &  Roome 


Dr. 


For  our  Note  ^  sixty  days  for. 
"    Cash  in  full 


•••••      ..        ^      iO      4U 


18 


8 


Jonathan  Jones,  Boston         Cr. 

For  amount  of  20  bbls.  Mackerel,  rec'd 
by  the  Commercial  Line,  L  B.  2 


«< 


6    Charles  Simmons  Dr. 

For  Bill  of  Sundries,  Sales-Book,  folio  L. 

19  


$  200    00 


9    William  Lawrence                               Dr. 
j  For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.  1 

-        21    


1  ,  C.  C.  Marsh 


Dr. 


For  Cash  drawn  for  personal  expense. . . . 


22 


10    William  B.  Brown 

!  For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.  1 


Dr. 


50 


15 


•  •  •  • 


63 


60 


21 


142 


25 


08 


00 


153    97 


120    22 


116    60 


r)99  i  02  ''    :n2  I22 


NEW   YOBK,    MAY    22,    1859. 


a 


9  '  William  Lawrence 


Cr. 


For  his  Note,  No.  1,  e  30  days, 
For  Cash  in  full 


23 


6    Charles  Simmons  l^^*- 

I  For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  folio  1.. . 


i( 


12    Peter  S.  Thompson  Dr. 

For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  1.. . . 


(I 


11    Henry  Small 


Dr. 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  1 


u 


2    Wm-  ^'  Christman  Dp. 

For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  2.. . .  99    04 


25  - 


John  Stevens 

For  Cash  received  of  him, 


Or. 


it 


3    I.  Farrington  Dr. 

For  6  sacks  fine  salt,  ^  $3,  S.  B.,  fol.  2 . . 


12 


ti 


51 


$      6    00 


,  $  100    00 
42    08 


44 


31 


60 


12 


18    00 


Peter  S.  Thompson^  Dr. 

For  1  qr.  cask  Malaga  Wine,  S.  B.,  fol.  2 .  ;        16    20 


215  I  5G 


200    00 


312 


OS 


•«s 


I  I- 


:ll 


I 


NEW   YORK,   MAY   ^5,   1851). 


11 


Henry  Small 


D] 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  2. . . . 


$    42 


(( 


James  Eichings 


Dr. 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  2. . . . 


26 


C.  Huntington 


Cr. 


39 


52 


For  5  seroons  Cuba  Tobacco,  I.  B.,  fol.  3 


(( 


John  Stevens 


Cr. 


For  10  bbls.  Whiskey,  I.  B.,  fol.  3. . . . 


2T  _ 


6  !  Joseph  Johnson 


Dr. 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  2. . . 
For  Cash  paid  to  him 


29 


John  Stevens 


Dr. 


For  our  Note,  No.  6,  ^  three  months, 
dated  26th,  inst.,  for 


4t 


49    65 
20    00 


ti 


I.  Farrington 


Dr. 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  2. . . 


112 


77 


47    41 


II 


324    69         193 


62 


$    80    48 


112 


77 


2r. 


NEW   YOBK,    MAY    29,   1859. 


10 


10 


William  B.  Brown 


Dr. 


For  2  chests  of  Young  Hyson  Tea,  S.  B. 
fol.  3,  amounting  to 


30 


William  B.  Brown 


Cr. 


For  his  Note,  No.  2,  {jb  three  months, 
for 


tt 


12    Peter  S.  Thompson 


Cr. 


For  his  Note,  No.  3,  Q)  two  months, 
for 


tt 


11 


Henry  Small 


Or. 


For  Cash  received  of  him, 


tt 


Wm.  S.  Christman 

For  Cash  received  of  him 


Cr. 


tt. 


5  I  John  Stevens 

For  Cash  paid  him. 


Dr. 


31 


7    John  Sims                                               Dr. 
For  Cash  paid  to  him,  on  account 


53 


93 


50 


150 


25 


00 


00 


268 


$153 


97 


44 


31 


50 


60 


72 


00 


50   i      2S0  I  29 


i] 


il 


I 


I  I 


6 


NEW   YORK,    MAY   31,   1859. 


4 
2 
3 
9 

8 
9 

James  Richings                                     Dr. 
For  1  box  Havana  Sugar,  S.  B.,  fol.  3 . . . 

$    50 

2 

43 

48 

62 
40 
15 
20 

22 

1 

William  S.  Christman                          Dr. 

For  1  bag  Pepper,  S.  B.,  folio  3 

it 

I.  Farrington                                        Dr. 
For  1  bbls.  superfine  Flour,  S.  B.,  fol.  3.. 

ti 

"William  Lawrence                              Dr. 
For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  3. . . . 

144 

1 

t 

$  120 

JUNE    1. 

$293 

Barclay  &  Livingston                         Dr. 

For  our  Note,  No.  6,  ®  3  mos. .  .$122  08 
Less  interest  added 1  86 

Q 

W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore                     Or. 

For  Invoice  of  Hams,  received  per  Schr. 
Cherry,  pursuant  to  our  order,  Invoice- 
Book,  folio  3 

15 

«i 

21 

60 

82 

William  Lawrence                              Dr. 

For  Bill  of  Virginia  Hams,  S.  B.,  fol.  8 . . 

141 

';       293 

15 

I 


54 


N 


EW   YORK,   JUNE    3,   1859. 


4    James  Richings  ^^' 

For  Merchandise  sold  to  him,  S.  B.,  fol.  3     $    51    18 


It 


3    I.  Farrington 


Dr. 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  4. 


120  ;  10 


tt 


9    Richard  Jessup  ^^' 

For  4  casks  Linseed  Oil,  S.  B.,  fol.  4 ... . 


10    Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.  Cr. 

For  Bill  of  Flour  bought  of  them,  In- 
voice-Book, fol.  3 


110 


40 


$  222    50 


I  Sundries  ^^' 

3 '  I.  Farrington  . .  .for  his  Note,  No.  4, 0)  3  mos. 

4    James  Richings,  . .  for  his  Note,  No.  5,  -9)  3  mos. 

2  !  W.  S.  Christman,  for  Cash  received  on  acct. . 

9    Wm.  Lawrence  .  .for  Cash  received  on  acct. . 

10    W.  B.  Brown for  Cash  received  on  acct. . 


6 


Sundries  ^^* 

9    Richard  Jessup,  for  Bill  of  Sundries,  S.  B.  4 . ! 

12    P.  S.  Thompson,  for  Bill  of  Sundries,  S.  B.  4.  j 

1 1    Henry  Small.  ...  for  Bill  of  Sundries,  S.  B.  4 .  ' 


109    16 
103    09 


54  12 
91 1  68 
39    80 


51 

48 
50 


44 
20 
00 


480  I  48  i     584    30 


55 


DAMAGED  PAGBSl 


\ 


\ 


it 


I', 
i . 


8 


NE^^   YOKK,    JUNE    6,    1859. 


Sundries  Dr. 

6  I  Jos.  Johnson,   for  Bill  of  Sundries,  S.  B.,  fol.  4  )  $    15 


5  '  John  Stevens,  for  Bill  of  Sundries,  S.  B.,  fol.  4 
t    


Sundries  Dr. 

3    HoGAN  &  Miller for  Cash  paid  to  them. . 

<3    Charles  Simmons for  Cash  ©aid  to  him . . . 

:  5    C.  Huntington,  for  our  Note,  No.  8,  it  60  ds. 


!I6 


i: 


Parker,  Howard,  &  Co. 


Dr. 


For  the  following,  delivered  to  them :  — 

I.  Farrington's  Note,  No.  4,  for 

P.  S.  Thompson's  Note,  No.  3,  for. . . . 
Cash  for 


10 


Dr. 


11 


Sundries 

John  Sims for  Cash  paid  him. ....... 

C.  C.  Marsh  ...  .for  Cash  paid  for  self 

li 


Alfred  Graham,  Syracuse 

For  25  bbls.  Butter,  I.  B.,  fol.  4 


It 


11    Alfred  Graham 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  5 


56 


21 


59 

6 

80 


T5 
•J6 


42 
13 

48 


109  16 
44  60 


68 


15 


U 


50 


40  00 


$546  00 


546 


00 


NEAV   YOKK,    JUNE    12,    1859. 


10 


Sundries  ^^' 

W.  B.  Brown.  .  .for  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  5 


12  I P   S.  Thompson,  for  Y.  H.  Tea,    S.  B.,  fol.  5 

11    Henry  Small for  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  5 

!  6  '  Joseph  Johnson,  for  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  5 
9  i  Wm.  Lawrence,  for  Merchandise,  S.  B.,  fol.  5 


$    22 

109 

53 

34 

44 


K 


6   Joseph  Johnson 

For  Cash  paid  to  him , 


Dr. 


13 


Sundries  '  Cr.     j 

2    Pettis  &  Roome,  for'Bal^|^^ill  of  Sugar,  ' 

'  I.  B.,  f^T^T 

Hogan  &  Miller,  for  balance  of  Bill  of  Soap,  ! 


-"  <— 


Sundries  I^r. 

11    Alfred  Graham,  .for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  5.. 
10  '  Wm.  B.  Brown for  Bill  of  Flour,  S.  B.  5.. 

3  , 1.  Farrington  . .  .for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  6.. 

4  James  Bichings  .  .for  Bill  of  Sugar,  S.  B.  6.. 
9  Richard  Jessup  . .  for  Bill  of  Hams,  S.  B.  6.. 
2  !  W.  S.  Christman,  for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  6.. 


15 


12  i  Peter  S.  Thompson 


Cr. 


For  his  Note,  No.  6,  -a  60  days,  for 

For  Cash  received  on  account 


57 


15 

00 
50 
25 

05 


15 


00 


70  50 
26  50 
66  80 
49  ,45 
32  76 


79 


09 


603 


05 


9 


$  198  13 

I 
99  00 


i 


97  I  68 

16  16 


411 


01 


r  I  '  * 


i 
1 

I  ! 

I 

5 
I 


lO 


NEW   YOKK,   JUNE    15,    1859. 


11    Hemiy  Small 


Cr. 


For  his  Note,  No.  3,  n  60  ds.,  for  $83  01 


Less  interest 


O^  ••••••  ••  ^  oZ  i-if 


16 


Sundries  Cr, 

1 0    Wm.  B.  Brown,  for  Cash  received  on  account . 


•  •  •  •  •    •  • 


•  •  •  • 


9    Richard  jESSUP,for  Cash  received  on  account. 

1)    lliCHARD  Jessup,  for  his  Note,  No.  8,  tJ  4  mos . . 


<( 


3    I.  Farrington  Cr. 

For  his  Note,  No.  9,  CD  3  mos.,  for  $121  96 
Less  interest 1  86 


n 


••••••  •• 


Sundries 


1    Barclay  &  Livingston,  for  BTTl  of  Brandy, 


Cr 


LB.,  fol.  4 

4    Hallet  &  Brown,  for  Bill  of  Wines,  I.  B.  4 .     ... 


tt 


1    John  Sims for  Cash  paid  to  him 

11    Alfred  Graham,  for  Cash  paid  to  him 


fi 


Sundries                                                         Dr.     ^ . 
6    Joseph  Johnson,  for  Cash  paid  to  him $    10 

10 

20 
400 


5    C.  HUNTINGTOW.  .for  Cash  lent  to  him 


00 
00 
00 
00 


II 


5    John  Stevens 

For  Cash  borrowed  of  him, 


Or. 


58 


43    50 

64    12 

110    40 


120    10 


325    00 
169    38 


410  !  00  I"  1.205 


300    00 
29 


NEW   YORK,   JUNE    10,    1859.  11 


8 


W.  A.  MoALE,  Baltimore 


Dr. 


For  am't  of  his  Draft,  ^  ten  days'  sight, 

in  favor  of  C.  Huntington,  accepted  . .     §  ^"^ 


« 


Sundries  ^^* 

2    W.  S.  Christman  for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  6. . 

4    James  Richings  .  .for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  6. . 

9    Richard  Jessup  . .  for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  6. . 

9    Wm.  Lawrence  . .  for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  6. . 


36 


fip 


50 


44  00 


20 


e'  Joseph  Johnson 


Cr. 


41 

59 


80 

85 


For  amount  of  his  Bill  for  masonry  and 
other  work  on  account  Mr.  Marsh. . . . 


11 


6    Joseph  Johnson 

For  Cash  paid  to  him  in  full. 


Dr. 


_    tt 


iM 


$n5    80 


31    15 


0.  C.  Marsh 


Dr. 


For  Cash  drawn  for  expense 

For  amount  of  Joseph  Johnson's  Bill  for 
building 


15    00 

n5    80 


21 


'  Sundries  ^^-    i 

11  Alfred  Graham,  .for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  7. . , 

12  P.  S.  Thompson  .  .for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  7 . . 

11    Henry  Small for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  1. .  | 

10    Wm.  B.  Brown  ...  .for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  7 . . 


59  30 
30  9t 
81    08 


43 


50 


818  I  95  1 


■| 


175  I  80 


59 


1.'  I !  1 


;.!  ? 


V2 


NEW   YOBK,   JUNE   5^2,   1859. 


1    C.  C.  Marsh 


Dr. 


For    Merchandise    sent    to    the    house, 
S.B.,foI.t 


23 


4    Hallet  &  Brown 


Dr. 


For  the  following  Kotes,   delivered  to 
them  on  account :  — 

No.  5,  on  James  Richings,  for  .  .$103  09 

No.  9,  on  I.  Farrington,  for. 121  96 


$    18    18 


25 


Sundries  Dr. 

2    Wm.  S.  Christman,  for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  1 . 

I " "  —————— 

9  I  Eichard  Jessup for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  7. 

11    Alfred  Graham.  .  .for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  7. 
5    John  Stevens for  Merchandise,  S.  B.  T . 


26 


8 


W.  A.  MoALE,  Baltimore 


D 


r. 


For  Bill  of  Merchandise  shipped  to  him 
by  his  order,  per  Schooner  Fair  Star, 
S.  B.,  fol.  8 


21 


8  I  Jonathan  Jones,  Boston 


Dr. 


For  his  Draft  on  us  at  sight,  in  favor  of 
C.  Huntington,  accepted,  for 


60 


225    05 


62  150 


24 


00 


129    00 


23 


00 


593    62 


316    60 


1,381    95 


I 


NEW   YORK,   JUNE    27,   1859. 


C.  Huntington 


Cr. 


For  J  Jones's  Draft,  at  sight,  on  us  in  his 
favor,  accepted  and  passed  to  acct.,  for 


30 


4 
2 


Sundries  ^• 

James  Bichings  . .  for  his  Note,  No.  10,^90  ds. , 

W.  S.  CHRisTMAN,forhisNote,No.ll,  e3mos.  I 


(( 


Sundries  ^^• 

James  Richings  .  .for  Cash  received  of  him  . . 

2    W.  S.  Christman,  for  Cash  received  of  him  . .    


JULY    3. 


Sundries                                                          C^- 
11 1  Henry  Smau. ...  .for  his  Note,  No.  12,  ^  60  ds.    . . 
12    P.  S.  Thompson,  for  his  Note,  No.  13,  ^  60  ds 


11 


(( 


Sundries  ^^^ 

Henry  Small  ...  for  Cash  received  of  him  . . 


12    P.  S.  Thompson  . .  .for  Cash  received  of  him  . . 


8 


John  Stevens 


Dr. 


For  amount  of  J.  Jones's  Draft  on  him,  at 
sight,  accepted  and  passed  to  acct 


<( 


Jonathan  Jones,  Boston 


Cr. 


For  amount  of  his  Draft  on  J.  Stevens, 
remitted  to  us 


...••• 


$200 


1)J 


$  316    60 


00 


200 


00 


61 


100    00 
120    00 


25 


00 


40    00 
60 


001 


$  130    00 
100    00 


4 
39 


58 
9T 


200 


474 


00 


5;') 


!    SJ 


;   ¥il 


i    ! 


t 


!•: 


1-4 


NEW    YOKK,   JULY    6,    1859, 


9    William  Lawrence 


Cr. 


For  his  Note,  Ko.  14,  ®  three  months, 

for $12t  44 

Less  interest 1  94    


8 


2    Pettis  &  Roome 


Dr. 


For  our  Draft  on  W.  A.  Moale,  sold  to 

them  on  account $  150    00 


$  125    60 


! 


<< 


8    W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore 


Cr. 


For  our  Draft  on  him  O  ten  days'  sight,  .  j 
in  favor  of  Pettis  &  Rome 


150    00 


10 


Cr. 


7    Barclay  &  Livingston 

I             For  Bill  of  Merchandise  bought  of  them, 
I.  B.,  fol.  5 


325  00 


12 


12  '  George  Morris 


Dr. 


For  Freight    and    Drayage  on    lot  of 
peaches  received  on  commission 


16 


7    John  Sims                                                 Cr. 
i  For  amount  of  two  months*  salary  due  him    '•  . . 


9 


50 


83    34 


« 


8    John  Sims 

For  Cash  paid  to  him  in  full , 


Dr. 


32    84 


JU.. 


Obo  1  84 


62 


NEW   YOKK,   JULY    17,   1859. 


ir 


Sundries  •^^'* 

James  Richings  . .  for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  8. .      $    11     25 

9  '  Wm.  Lawrence  .  .for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  8. . 

for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  8.. 
9  ;  Richard  Jessup  .  .for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  8. . 

for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.B.  8.. 


ii 


18 


8    W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore 


Cr. 


For  his  Draft  ^  three  days'  sight,  on  C. 
Huntington,  accepted 


19 


Sundries 


Dr. 


10 


W.  B.  Brown for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  9 . . 

for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  9.. 

11  Henry  Small  ...  for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  9. . 

for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.B.  9.. 

12  P.  S.  Thompson.  .  .for  Bill  of  Mdse.,  S.  B.  9. . 


21 


Sundries  ^r* 

Hog  AN  &  Miller,  for  Cash  paid  to  them  in 

full 

7    Barclay  &  Livingston,  for  Cash  paid  on  ac- 
count  

11    Alfred  Graham,  for  Cash  paid  on  account. . . 

1    C.  C.  MarsHj        for  Cash  drawn $50  00 

for  Merchandise  ....  25  00 


68 


11  25 
45  •  60 
11  25 
13    00 


$  400     00 


11 

25 

16 

00 

55 

6T 

10 

00 

73 

60 

99  00 

125  00 

50  00 

75  00 


11     r>r>T  !  87 


M) 


00 


I 


i 


10 


12 


NEW   YORK,   JULY    23,   1859. 


George  Morris  Or. 

For  amount  of  sales  of  25  bbls.  dried 
Peaches,  sold  for  bis  account,  per  Ac- 


count-Sales rendered  him 


(< 


12 


12 


10 


George  Morris  Dr. 

For  Storage  on  25  bbls.  one  month  . . . . 
For  Commission  on  $125,  ^  5  % 


27 


C.  Huntington 


Dr. 


For  amt.  of  our  shipment  to  Charleston, 

of  20th  ins.,  sold  to  him $377  00 

For  10  %  advance  on  same 3*1  70 


$      1    00 
6    25 


28 


George  Morris 


Dr. 


For  Bill  of   Merchandise  sold  to  him, 

S.  B.,  fob  9 

For  Cash  paid  to  him 


29 


Parker,  Howard,  &  Co.  Cr. 

For    Balance    of   Bill    of    Merchandise 
bought  of  them,  I.  B.,  fob  5 


30 


Sundries 


Cr. 


3 
9 


I.  Farrington  ...  for  Cash  received  of  him. . . 


Richard  Jessup..  .for  Cash  received  of  him.. . 


414    70 


61 
46 


•  ••••<    •  • 


530 


87 
38 


20 


64 


$  125    00 


131 


26 
32 

315 


25 


80 
81 

86 


NEW   YORK,   JULY   30,   1859. 


11 


Alfred  Graham 


Dr. 


For  his  Draft  on  us  in  favor  of  Rich. 
M'Murray,  accepted 


$  142    00 


31 


8    W.  A.  MoALE,  Baltimore 


Dr. 


For  Balance  of  Interest,  as  per  account- 
current  of  this  date  sent  to  him 


0    92 


ti 


5    C.  Huntington 


Dr. 


For  Balance  of  Interest,  as  per  account- 
current  of  this  date  rendered  him 


(( 


1    26 


144 


Sundries  Cr. 

1    Jonathan  Smith,  for  his  half  Net  Gam  of  the 
'  Business,  as  per  Balance-Sheet . 

\    C.  C.  Marsh for  his  half  Net  Gain,  as  per 

Balance-Sheet  of  this  date 


•  •  •  •  I 


606    58 
606    69 


a5 


4«'l 

-All 


■I 


Ml 


■ihi 


I 


li«' 


J. 


i 


L  E  G  E  R. 


S.  &  M. 


1859. 


XoTE. This  is  the  book  of  accounts :  in  it  every  person  who  has  owed 

us,  or  to  whom  we  have  owed  any  sum,  has  a  page  or  place  allotted  to  him  ; 
and  on  that  page  will  be  found  drawn  together  every  sum  that  he  may  have 
owed  us,  or  we  have  owed  him,  from  the  beginning  of  our  business  to  the 
present  time.  The  space  thus  devoted  to  a  person  is  caried  his  account:  to 
this  account  we  turn,  when  we  wish  to  know  what  is  due  to  him  or  to  us. 

The  entries  in  this  book  arc  always  drawn  from  the  Day-l>ouk.  The 
column  next  to  the  amounts,  or  sums,  is  the  page  of  the  Day-Book  from 
which  the  entry  is  taken.  When  the  pages  of  the  Leger  are  wide  enough, 
we  always  put  the  Dr.  and  Cr.  sides  of  the  account  on  the  same  page,  and 
not  make  one  page  of  two,  as  within. 

Tiie  Index  is  generally  a  separate  book. 

61 


;lt 


i 


1ti 


s «  * 


m 


H 


■i 

if 

■'t 
'i 


'A 


j: 


A. 


B. 


C. 

Christman,  W.  S 


D. 


E. 


Farrington,  Isaac 


INDEX. 


V    A 


Graham,  Alfred 11 


IT 


Barclay  &  Livingston 1      Hogan  &  MiUer 3 

Brown,  W.  B 10      HaUet  &  Brown 4 

Huntington,  Calvin 5 


J. 

Jones,  Jonathan,  Boston S 

Johnson,  Joseph ^ 

Jessup,  Richard -* 


E 

Lawrence,  William, 


68 


I  N  r>  EX. 


M 

Marsh,  C.  C 1 

^loale,  W.  A.,  Balthnore 8 

^forris,  George,  Newark. .......  12 


N. 


O. 


s. 


Smith,  Jonathan 1 

Stevens,  John 5 

Simmons,  Charles 6 

Small,  Henry 11 

Sims,  John 7 


T. 


Thompson,  Peter  S 12 


U. 


•i  I 


Pettis  &  Roome 2 

Parker,  Howard,  &  Co 10 


V. 


Q. 


w. 


R. 


Richmgs,  James 


r)9 


M 


^41 


|:i 


,', 


IS.-; 


.Jul 


y 


ItM. 


n  R. 


CHIMSTUPMKH 


J  HI  HI       I 


21  .  For  Cash '  2 

lOi     ''     Cash 8i 

20  "    Sundries I  U , 

22  "    Merchandise 12 

21  "     Sundries 15 

]■  .... 


25     00 

40    00 

190    80 


18 
75 


18 
00 


5,506    59 


DR. 


JONATHAN 


IJalance 


OG  !  5S 


10,500    58 


fO 


C.    MARSH. 


CR. 


1859. 


May         4    For  Net  Capital  in  Cash 1    $5,000    00 

,Tolv       31      "    Net  Gain "  ^06    59 


I8S9, 


July        3 1    For  Balance brought  down 


SMITH. 


I8S9. 


July       31      " 


16S5. 


July       3 1    For  Balance brought  down. 


Tl 


5,506    59 


$  5,151    61 


OR. 


May         4    For  Cash • 1     «10,000    00 

NetGain ^  506    58 


10,506    58 


$10,506    58 


I 


I 
','1 


1 


I 


I         i 


18(9. 

Mav 


tt 


i( 


July 


1859. 

May 


(( 


June 


(( 


(( 


18B9. 


DR. 


PETTIS    & 


15  For  Cash : 1 

It  "     our  Notes  ^  60  days 2 

n  "    Cash 2 

8  "     our  Draft  on  W.  A.  Moale 14 

:  i  Balance  


50    00 

200    00 

15    60 


150 

48 


00 

ir> 


463  '  13 


DR. 


WILLIAM    S. 


23  For  Merchandise 

31  "    Merchandise 

14  "    Merchandise 

19  "    Merchandise 

25  "    Merchandise 


6 

9 

11 

12 


-•'1* 


July       31    For  Balance brought  down. 


99  04 

2  40 

79  09 

36  50 

52  50 

269  ,  53 


f      S    09 


72 


-I 


ROOME. 


1859. 


May         5    For  Merchandise 
June       13  ;    "    Merchandise 


1859, 


July       31    For  Balance brought  down 


CHRISTMAN. 


1859. 

May 

June 
it 

M 

July 


5 
30 
30 


((         (< 


"    Cash.... 

i>aiuuuc, 


73 


CR. 


9 


CR. 


30    For  Cash 5 


"    his  Note  Q  3  mos 13 

..   13 


-Ul    44 


"!>. 


1     $     265    60 


198 


13 


463    73 


50  00 

51  44 
120  00 

40  00 


8 


09 


269    53 


% 


.4 


'M 
■1 


TAt 


^  ■iiil 

.  I 

i 

1 

n 
•  i 

•t; 


I 


ll 


o 


1859. 

Mav 
June 


1859. 


DR. 


lSo». 

June 

7    For  Cash 

Julv 

21      "    Cash 

DR. 

25  For  Merchandise 

29  "    Merchandise 

31  "    Merchandise 

3  "    Merchandise 

14  "    Merchandise 


HOaA>i     & 


July       31    For  Balance. 


.brought  down. 


8 
15 


59    42 
99    00 

158    42 


ISAAC 

3    $ 

1 
18 

00 

4 

47 

41 

6 

43 

75 

7 

120 

10 

9 

66 

80 

296 

06 

40    00 


M I L  I.  K  R 


18S9. 

May 

i^i 

For  Merchandise 

June 

0 

13 

"    Merchandise 

R. 

<  > 

1    $ 
9 

1 

59    42 
99    00 

158    42 


I 


FARRINOTON. 


I86t. 

June 
<< 

Julv 


CR. 


5    For  his  Note,  No.  4,  CJ  3  mos ^7     $ 

16      "    his  Note,  No.  9,  less  interest 10 

30      "    Cash ^^ 

i\-'  -■  '  


109     16 

120     10 

26    80 


296    06 


1^ 


M 


m 


U 


75 


r. 

ffci 


I 


i     t 
I     1 


18i». 


1B50 


1859. 

May 


(( 


June 


(( 


July 


1859. 

July 


r>R. 


HALLET     & 


May       14    For  our  Note,  No.  2,  Q)  6  months, 
June       23      "    Sundry  Notes , 


July       31    For  Balance brought  down. 


DR. 


31    For  Balance brought  down 


76 


1  :  $     296  136 
12  225  105 


•j.i  *i 


JAMES 


25    For  Merchandise 

4 
6 
1 
9 
11 
16 

31      "    Merchandise • 

3      "    Merchandise 

14      "    Merchandise 

19      "    Merchandise 

It      "    Merchandise 

4     $       52    41 


50 
51 
49 


62 
78 
45 


44    00 
11     25 

265  i  5t 


87    48 


li 


I 


BROWN. 


CR. 


1S59. 

May 
June 
July 


8 
17 

31 


For  Merchandise 


II 

1     $     296    3G 


(( 


Merchandise ,;/,;     ^^ 

Jiuluncc 


*65  74 


169    38 
00  1  *-»  • 


621    41 


RICHINGS. 


CR. 


1159. 

June 


5    For  his  Note,  No.  5,  Q)  3  mos. 

30      "    his  Note,  No.  10 

30      "    Cash. 


1 

13 
13 


77 


103    09 

100     00 

25    00 


31 

48 

265 

57 

J 


^hl: 


M 


I 


1859. 

May 


<( 


June 


July 


1U9. 

June 
<t 

July 


18S9. 


I>R. 


1 1     For  Cash. 


JOHN 


1 


$ 


29 


30 


6 
25 


our  Note,  No.  5,  ^  three  months 4 


Cash 

Merchandise 


n 


6 

8 


Merchandise 12 

J.  Jones's  Draft  in  our  favor 13 

iiiilauct^ * • 


50    00 

112     11 

150   ,00 

21   1 16 

23    00 

200    00 


612    11 


CALVIN 


DR. 


1    For  our  Note,  No.  8,  d  60  days 8    $ 


n 


Cash. 


!10 


)  43 


27       "     Shipment  to  Charleston 16 

30      "     Interest 11 


Ij6    H 


80  48 

400  00 

414  70 

1  26 

896  44 


July        31    For  Balance 


.brought  down 


$     499  '36 


78 


STEVENS. 


1859. 

May 


<( 


June 


lUO. 


July       3 1    For  Balance brought  down. 


CR. 


25  For  Cash ''^    ^ 

26  I    "    Merchandise ^ 

17   "  Cash 


10 


fj 


200  00 
112  77 
300  00 


612 


i  i 


$   55  24 


HUNTINQTON. 


1859. 


May 

June 
July 


I       I 


26  For  Merchandise 

27  "J.  Jones's  Draft  at  sight. 
31  ;  I  . . . . 


CR. 


4     $ 
13 


)7  03 


79 


80  48 
316  60 
4Uii  . 


896    44 


il  I 


*  'II 

11 


! 


'i 


i 


1839. 

Mav 
« 

June 


18S9. 

May 


II 


June 


It 
II 
<i 
II 


DR. 


r>H. 


21    For  Merchandise 

"  ,     "    Cash 

6      "  Merchandise 

12      "  Merchandise 

"    Cash 

"    Cash 

"    Cash 


II 

It 

20 


80 


CHARLES 


18    For  Merchandise 

23      "    Merchandise 

7      "    Cash 


2 
3 

8 

i 

1 

$        63 
6 
6 

27 

00 

IS 

16 

40 

JOSEPH 


^'»  r>5 


4     $ 

4!' 

8 

9 

9 
10 
11 


:76  51 


49  65 

20  00 

15  75 

34  25 

15  00 

10  00 

31  15 

175  80 


SIMMONS. 


1S59. 


May     I  16 


For  Bill  of  Painting. 


CR. 


2     $        75    40 


75    40 


JOHNSON. 


CR. 


18S9. 


June       20    For  amount  of  Bill H     $      1*75    80 


176  i  80 


81 


till 


It!l  t  I 


kl 


185D. 

Juno 
Julv 


1S59. 

Mav 
June 


i( 


July 


BARCLAY    & 


DR. 


1     For  our  Xote,  No.  6,  f/)  three  months G     $      120    2-2 

21       "     Cash !  15  125     00 

770    22 


r>R. 

31  For  Cash. 

10  "     Cash. 

17  "    Cash. 

K)  "     Cash 


i<2 


JOHN 

1       '^ 
5     $ 

25    00 

8 

15    50 

10 

10    00 

14 

32    81 

83    34 


LIVINGSTON. 


CR. 


1850. 


Mav        10    For  Merchandise '^     $      ^-^    ^2 

"     Merchandise 1^  ^^^    ^^ 


June       17 


<  t;> 


July        10       "    Merchandise 


14 


325    00 


770  '^X     I 


!  I 


l.i.i'.l. 


J  uly       3 1     For  Balance brought  down. 


770   r.2 


$      525    00 


SIMS 


CR. 


isso 


July        IG    For  two  months*  services. 


14     $        83    34 


83    34 


83 


1 1 


11 


I  s 


18S9. 


1859. 

June 
July 


OR. 


JONATHAN 


June     ,  27    For  his  Draft  on  us 12     $     316    60 


316    60 


±J  Jti. 


W.    A. 


19  ^  For  his  Draft  on  us 

26  j    "    Merchandise 

30      "    Balance  of  Interest. 


n3  <•.! 


11      $ 

12 

n 


«-» 


0| 


l>al;ir. 


200     00 
593    62 

92 

49  I  21 

843    15 


84 


I 


JONES,    Boston. 


1659. 


May 
July 


18    For  Merchandise 


II 


his  Draft  on  J.  Stevens, 


MOALE,    Baltimore. 


1860. 


!  ( 


June     ;    3    For  Bill  of  Hams, 


July 


ti 


8      "    our  Draft  on  him 

18      "    his  Draft  on  C.  Huntington 


1W9. 


July        31    For  Balance brought  down. 


85 


CR. 

2     S      116    60 
13  200    00 


:u«  60 


i«<3  T» 


b 


316    60 


CR. 


il 
6     $      293    75 

14  150    00 

15  400    00 

! 

U        -1 — 


843    15 


i 
$       49  ;  21 


■i 


m 

W 


I 


r 


4 


1859. 

May 
It 

June 
<< 

i< 

July 
tt 


1859. 


II 


155!>. 


July 


DR. 


WILLIAM 


19    For  Merchandise 
31 
3 
12 


tt 


It 


a 


19 

n 


(< 


II 


n 


2 

Merchandise '    6 

Merchandise G 

Merchandise '    9 

Merchandise 11 

Merchandise 15 

Merchandise " 

373  &i 


142 

08 

48 

20 

21 

60 

44 

05 

59 

85 

11 

25 

45 

60 

July       31    For  Balance. 


brought  down. 


372    63 


$       56    85 


DR. 


RICHARD 


1859. 

June 

O 

« 

6 

ti 

14 

It 

19 

t( 

25 

July 

n 

For  Merchandise t 

Merchandise !    7 

Merchandise 9 

Merchandise 1 1 

Merchandise 12  ' 

■i«3  68  j              j  j 

Merchandise 15 


$ 


li 


ii 


ti 


II 


li 


10 

40 

54 

72 

32 

7() 

41 

80 

24 

OU 

(( 


Merchandise i  " 


II 


1 1     2.j 
73    00 


347     93 


31  '  For  Balance, 


■  brought  down 


$      150    00 


86 


LAWRLNCE, 


CR 


IM9. 

Mav 


<< 


(( 


!43  oa 


June 
July 


22    For  his  Note,  No.  1,  e  30  days 
"    Cash 

"     Cash 

6  j   "    his  Note,  No.  14,  less  interest 14 

31  I  Balan 


5 


3 

7 


100 
42 


00 
08 


48   ;20 
125    50 


JESSUP, 


185!1. 

June 
it 

July 


87 


CR. 


16    For  his  Note,  No.  8,  CD  four  months 10     $ 

"    Cash 

30      "     Cash 

B:i 


16 


Ob 


372    63 


110     40 
54     72 

32    81 

00 


347    93 


I. 


I 


■I 


i    I 


June 
it 


i)H. 


^VILLIAM 


1859. 

^Ia\ 

.JO 

For 

^Merchandise  . 

2 

$ 

153 

97 

tt 

29 
12 
14 

Merchandise  . 
^lerchandise  . 
Merchandise  . 

5 
9 
9 

93 
22 
26 

50 

.1  uiie 

15 

t  i 

50 

ii 

21 
19 

.. 

Merchandise  . 
Merchandise  . 

11 
15 

43 

11 

50 

Julv 

25 

<i 

a 

ii 

Merchandise  . 

ii 

16 
366 

00 

87 

1359. 

July 

•> 

ox 

For  Balance 

.br 

ought  down 

$ 

119 

40 

I>Il. 


PARKER, 


9  For  I.  Farriugton's  Koto,  No.  4,  -^  3  months.  8 
9  "  P.  S.  Thompson's  Note,  No.  3,  tl  2  mos.  8 
9      "    Cash 8 


109  16 

44  GO 

68  74 

353  75 


88 


hi 


B.     BROWN. 


CR. 


lU 


1859. 

May 

June 
it 


30    For  his  Note,  No.  3,  U  three  months 5     $      153    97 

5      "    Cash ^  5«    «« 

16      "    Cash •••      10  *^    '' 


366    81 


t    •M 
f 


t    ii 

i  11 


HOWARD,    &    CO. 


1659. 


June         -i    For  Merchandise 
July        29      "    Merchandise 


1559. 


July        31    For  Balance, 


brought  down 


OR. 

7     $      222     50 
16  131    25 


353    75 


$     131    25 


*i. 


89 


il' 


i  i 


1)  li. 


HEN  11 Y 


I 


1  • 


!     1 


I 

!    -^ 


1859. 

May 

23 

<( 

25 

June 

6 

a 

12 

<< 

19 

July 

19 

<( 


185?. 

Julv 


IM?. 

June 


it 


it 


it 


a 


July 


it 


23  For  Merchandise 
Merchandise 
Merchandise 
Merchandise 


<( 


31    For  Balance. 


,  brought  down. 


DK. 


11    For  Merchandise 
14 

n 

21 


25 
21 
30 


74  U 


3 
4 

7 
9 


Merchandise !  11 

Merchandise 15 

Merchandise " 


31  72 

42  39 

39  80 

53  50 

81  08 
55  '  67 

10  00 


314 


16 


65    67 


ALFKED 


8 

Cash 9 

Cash 10 

Merchandise 1 1 


Merchandise 12 

Merchandise 15 

his  Draft  on  us,  -Q)  60  days 17 


75  20 

70  50 

20  00 

59  80 

129  00 

50  00 

142  00 

546  00 


90 


SMALL. 


CK. 


1S59. 

May 
June       15 


July 


30    For  Cash 

^'    his  Kote,  No.  7,  less  interest ^^ 

13 
2      "    his  Kote,  No.  12  

"    Cash 


5     $ 


(< 


o 


1     1-2 


82     19 
130    00 

4     58 


314     16 


GRAHAM,       SYKACU8E. 


1859. 

June 


11     For  Merchandise 


CR. 


8     $      546    00 


546    00 


U, 


91 


»N 


M 


J  ■ 


l;i 


OR. 


PETEK     S. 


I  ; 


f: 


1859. 

Mav 

23 

For  Merchaudise 

(( 

125 

"    Merchandise 

June 

G 

"    Merchandise 

(( 

12 

"    Merchandise 

u 

21 

''    Merchandise 

July 

15 

"    Merchandise 

3 

$        44 

60 

3 

IG 

20 

7 

97 

G8 

i> 

109 

00 

11 

30 

97 

15 

73 

60 

1S59. 


1859. 


July 


(I 
tt 

M 


July       31    For  Balance brought  down. 


372    05 


$       73    60 


r>H. 


GEOROE 


12    For  Freight  and  Cartage 14 

23      "    Storage 16 

"       "    Commission " 

28      "    Merchandise " 

"       ''    Cash " 


9  50 

1  00 

G  25 

61  87 

46  38 

125  00 


92 


'.  I 


THOMPSON. 


1359. 

May 

June 
<( 

July 
(I 

It 


I 


30  '  For  his  Note,  No.  3,  ^  two  months ^     $ 

15 


(( 


2 
(( 


his  Note,  No.  6,  tC  sixty  days  . 

"    Cash 

his  Note,  No.  13, -0)  sixty  days 

*'    Cash 

B;il;iiic<  


(( 


/  R . 

IM 

5     $ 

44     CO 

9 

97     G8 

<( 

16    20 

13 

100     00 

(( 

39     97 

i.' ' 


372    05 


MORRIS,     Newark. 


CR. 


185f. 


July       23    For  Amount  of  Sales 


16    $      125    00 


125    00 


il 


;♦ 


ii 


iti 


!i 


^l 


't* 

m 


DralTi  accepted, 


[1^'rom 


n  60.--Jimo  19.] 


$200.7; 


ino 


Baltimore.  Jnnc  17,  1850. 


Ten  days  after  sight  pay  to  the  onler  of  Calvix  Huntington 
Two  hundred  Dollars,  vahie  received,  and  charge  the  account  of 

Your  obedient  .<^ervant, 

William  A.  Moale. 


To 


Messrs.  Smith  Sc  Marsh, 
Merchants,  New  York. 


Due  July  2,  '59 


[Fiuni  T 


ij' 


$200.7 


ino 


Boston,  Julv  2,  1859. 


At   sight   pay  to  the   order  of   Messrs.  Smith   <fc    'SIau^u 
Two  hnndred  Dollars,  value  received,  and  charge  the  account  of 

Your  obedient  servant, 


To 


John  Stkvkns,  Esq., 

Merchant,  New  York. 


Jonathan  Jones. 


'.H 


C  A  S  H-B  0  0  K. 


S.  &  M. 


1859. 


NoTF  -  Wlmtcvc-  the  accounts  and  the  system  of  keeping  them  may  be 
_,.ow;er  the  number  of  books  may  va.y- whether  by  double  or  smglc 
entry  large  business  or  sn.all,  still  a  Cash-Book  appears  indispensable,     ^o 
Ja  of  one's  business  is  as  soon  deranged  as  the  --^^;— - 
kind  of  property  pa.ses  as  quickly,  and  leaves  as  few  traces  behmd  it,  a. 
tl  did  n  one  •     Few  tlnngs  irritate  a  man  more  than  a  bad  cash  account, 
i: remember  how  much  has  been  received-to  know  how  lit.e  remams  on 
,,„,l_to  be  unable  to  account  for  the  difference,  "puzzles    he  mmd      m- 
;i-s  the  confidence  that  should  exist  between  partners  as  well  as  m  clerk, 
and  n,akes  enemies  of  those  who  might  otherwise  have  been  fnends. 

Let  us,  therefore,  keep  a  correct  cash  accent :  let  one  of  us  or  the  book- 
Ueeper  i;ep  the  key  of  the  c.sh,  and  be  accountable  for  all  the  defie~ 
:  .  On  Ihe  debtL  (Br.)  side  of  the  Cash-Book  enter  every  sum  of  money 
received,  and  on  the  creditor  (Cr.)  side  every  sum  paid  out,  w.th  full  explana- 
ions .  and  then  the  balance  between  the  two  will  agree  with  the  .™>ney  on 
,.a„d '   Balance  the  cash  daily-or  weekly,  if  you  prefer,  but  watch  >t  closely. 

95 


I 


t 


1 


^p^ 


DR. 


CASH. 


Usfy'. 

Mav 

• 

4 

<( 

13 

21 

22 

23 

25 

n 

(( 

28 

30 

(( 

oi 

■ft:.o 

Mav 
June 

ol 
o 

o 

<< 

5 

<< 

<( 

(< 

(( 

(( 

i< 

It 

11 

11 

15 

(< 

16 

(( 

<( 

<( 

17 

<( 

21 

i< 

(( 

1 


Received  of  Jonatlian  Smith  as  Capital $10,000  00 

of  C.  C.  ISIarsh  as  Capital 5,000  00 

for  Retail  Sales  of  tliis  day 28  64 

for  Retail  Sales '           44  62 

"        of  Wm.  Lawrence,  for  balance  of  acct. . .  ,;           42  08 

for  Retail  Sales ''           38  94 

of  John  Stevens,  for  loan  of  1 1  tli 60  00 

of    ''           "        as  loan 150  00 

for  Retail  Sales 17  92 

for  Retail  Sales 7  50 

"        of  Henry  Small  on  account 31  72 

"        of  Wm,  S.  Christman  on  account 50  00 

for  Retail  Sales 34  40 


Dollars       15,495    82 


Balance  in  Bank,  &c 

Received  for  Retail  Sales 

"        for  Retail  Sales 

"  of  W.  S.  Christman  on  account, 
"  of  Wm.  Liwrence  on  account. , 
"        of  W.  B.  Brown  on  account  . . , 

"        for  Retail  Sales 

"        of  P.  S.  Thompson  on  account  . 


(( 


<< 


of  W.  B.  Brown  on  account 

of  R.  Jessup  on  account 

of  John  Stevens,  as  a  loan 

for  Brown's  Note,  No.  2,  disct.,  $153.97 
for  Jessup's  Note,  No.  8,  disct,  $110.40 

Forward 


$14,612  84 

35  45 

56  80 

51  44 

48  20 

50  00 

29  64 

16  20 

43  50 

54  72 

300  00 

152  07 

108  17 

15,559  03 


96 


18S». 

lay 

4 

{( 

0 

4( 

It 

U 

11 

tt 

11 

<l 

15 

tt 

16 

tt 

17 

tt 

18 

tt 

(( 

tt 

21 

tt 

27 

it 

11 

tt 

11 

tt 

28 

tt 

30 

tt 

?A 

1859 


CR 


raid  John  Stevens  for  Bill  of  this  date ^ 

-     Hone,  Coster,  &  Co.,  for  Bill  of  this  date . . . 

"     for  Fixtures  bought  of  J.  Conrad 

"     for  Drayagc,  to  William  Baker 

"     to  John  Stevens  as  a  loan 

'•     to  Pettis  &  Roomc  on  account 

"     to  Barclay  k  Livingstone,  on  bill  of  Mdse. 
of  $420.22 

'^     to  Pettis  k  Roome  on  account 

'^     for  Freight  on  Mackerel 

"     for  Drayage  "         

"     to  C.  C.  Marsh  on  account 

''     for  Drayage  on  Tobacco 

a    f^3i.         ''        **  Whiskey 

"     to  Joseph  Johnson  on  account 

''     for  Printing  to  Narine  &  Co 

"     to  John  Stevens  for  loan  of  25th 

"     to  John  Sims 


1 


June 

2    P 

11 

O 

(( 

(< 

11 

7 

it 

(( 

(< 

9 

tt 

10 

it 

<( 

It 

it 

tt 

12 

tt 

13 

tt 

17 

tt 

<< 

i 
1 

il 


II 


n 


li 


il 


u 


Forward 


1 


97 


186 

85 

170 

94 

64 

00 

3 

CO 

50 

00 

50 

00 

100 

Oil 

15 

(iO 

4 

00 

87 

25 

00 

1 

12 

'    1 

00 

20 

00 

15 

00 

150 

00 

25 

00 

15,495     82 


2    Paid  for  Stationerv,  Arthur  &  Co.'s  bill $ 

for  Freight  on  Hams  from  Baltimore 

for  Drayage  on     "         "  "  

to  Ilogan  &  Miller  in  full 

to  Charles  Simmons  in  full 

to  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co 

for  Drayage,  W.  Baker's  bill 

to  John  Sims  on  account 

to  C.  C.  Marsh  on  account 

to  J.  Johnson 

to  Hogan  k  Miller,  half  bill  of  this  date. . . . 

to  W.  Baker  for  Drayage 

to  Joseph  Johnson  on  account 


27  00 

3  20 

1  75 

59  42 

6  13 

68  74 

3  12 

15  50 

40  00 

15  00 

99  00 

7  50 

10  00 

356    36 


i 


lli 


I 


I  i  • 


r 


i 


I 


!    't 


i    I 


fc 


•ft 


1     si 


18C<J. 

June 


IfttO. 


1869. 


DR. 


ca:sm. 


Brought $15,559    03 


24    Received  for  W.  Lawrence's  Note,  No.  1,  now  due 
30  "        of  Wm.  S.  Christman  on  account 


li 


(I 


of  James  Richiuffs  on  account , 


100  00 
40  00 
25    00 


Dollars       15,724    03 


Juno 

30 

July 

*2 

11 

16 

<< 

24 

30 

ii 

31 

30    Balance  in  Bank  and  Drawer 


Received  of  Henry  Small  balance  of  account 

of  P.  S.  Thompson  balance  of  account . . 

for  Sales  of  Morris'  Peaches 

for  Retail  Sales  of  Merchandise 

for  Huntington's  Acceptance,  No.  16. . . 

of  I.  Farrington  on  account 

of  R.  Jessup  on  account 

of  Geo.  Law  10  %  prem.  on  cost  of  Brig 

Marion,   bought    at  auction  for  $5,000 

and  transferred  to  him 


$14,573 

95 

4 

58 

39 

9i 

45 

00 

32 

50 

400 

00 

26 

80 

32 

81 

500    00 


Dollars       15,655    61 


Julv        31     Balance  in  Bank  and  Drawer $14,475     88 


ns 


CR. 


1869. 


It559. 

July 


II 

a 

n 

ti 

II 

(I 

II 

II 

it 

II 


June 

17 

Pai 

i( 

" 

<< 

<( 

(( 

<( 

<< 

20 

(( 

i( 

(( 

11 

(( 

90 

t( 

<( 

ii 

(I 

30 


Brought 

Paid  to  John  Sims  on  account ■ 

to  A  Graham  on  account 

to  C.  Huntington  as  a  loan 

to  C.  C.  Marsh  on  account 

to  Joseph  Johnson  in  full 

for  our  Note,  No.  3,  discounted,  $200.00.. . 
for  our  Note,  No.  6,  discounted,  $122.08.. . 
Balance  in  Bank  and  Drawe- 


2 
12  1 
13 

{(  < 

15 
16 
20 

21 

(( 

(( 
<( 

28 
31 


Paid  our  Acceptance,  No.  10,  W.  A.  Moale's  draft 

"     Expenses  on  Geo.  Morris'  Peaches 

Neptune  Insurance  Co.  for  7  %,  and  policy, 

on  Invoice  per  Black  Warrior 

Drayage  and  Labor  on  Flour 

to  John  Sims,  on  his  Note,  No.  15,  U  6  mos. 

to  John  Sims  for  Balance  on  account 

Drayage  and  Labor  on  Soap 

to  Hogan  &  Miller  for  balance  of  account. . . 

to  Barclay  &  Livingston  on  account 

to  Alfred  Graham  on  account 

to  C.  C.  Marsh  on  account 

to  Geo.  Morris  for  balance  of  account 

liaianco  in  Bunix  u; 


(I 


<< 


(( 


(( 


(( 


<( 


(< 


<( 


ti 


356  36 

10  00 

20  00 

400  00 

15  00 

31  15 

197  00 

120  57 


15,724  03 


200 

00 

9 

50 

40 

01 

15 

00 

500 

00 

32 

84 

12 

00 

99 

00 

125 

00 

50 

ou 

50 

00 

46 

38 

15,655  61 


I 


♦  i-l 
<';jl 


i  1 


tN 


99 


\ 


I  '  ) 


*K 


V    i 


SHIPMENT     BOOK. 


1859. 


>.no«. 


1  July  13     Havana.  j  Penasco  y  Her' 

2  "    20     Charleston.       S.  Chadwick  &  Co. 


*5       /.         >'- 


I    i 


u 


f  / 


$  555    01 
Zr\    00     $414    10 


/  f 


'f 


T 


100 


I  N  Y  0  I  C  E-B  0  0  K. 


S.  &  M. 


1859. 


Note.  -  This  book  is  designed  to  save  the  Day-Book.  It  contains  ca^ 
of  all  bills  of  goods  purchased  by  us,  or  even  of  those  received  into  our 
possession.  It,  with  the  Sales-Book,  serves  for  a  merchandise  account,  be- 
cause at  the  end  of  the  Invoice-Book  may  be  seen  the  cost  of  all  the  mer- 
chandise we  have  bought,  and  at  the  end  of  the  Sales-Book  the  total 
product  of  the  merchandise  sold.  When  the  settlements  indicated  in  the 
left^hand  margin  are  not  made  at  the  time  of  purchase,  such  indications  are 

omitted. 

101 


4 


i !   .  f 


1^ 


t  '>! 


k\ 


■   I 


I' 


r 


E. 


E. 


NEW     YOBK,     MAY    4,     1850. 


Bought  of  John  Stevens 
1  hhd,  N.  O.  Sugar, 


I|      4  bags  Java  Coffee, 

Q 


l,16t  lbs. 
102  lbs.  tare. 

1,065  lbs.  net  Ci)  8  31.... $89  14 

464  lbs. 
14  lbs.  tare. 

450  lbs.  net  tD      15 6T  50 


3  bags  Laguayra  Coffee,  324  lbs. 

6  lbs.  tare. 


Bought  of  Pettis  &  Roome 


14  bis.  superfine  Flour,  -0)  6  00 $84  00 

7  bis.  fine  Flour,  0)  5  50 38  50 

10  qr.  casks  dry  Malaga  Wine,  210  gals.,  ^  53  .  .143  10 


Bought  of  Hone,  Coster,  &  Co. 

4  casks  Winter  Oil,  leSJ  gals,  e  TO $114  45 

2  bis.  Summer  Oil,      56    gals,  fj  54 30  24  i 

10  boxes  Cheese,        3T5    lbs.    Q)    1 26  25 


Bought  of  Hogan  &  Miller 

40  bushels  Lisbon  Salt, 

12  sacks  fine  Salt, 

14  bushels  Marseilles  Salt, 


®   55 $22  00 

^2  50 30  00 

€D   53 7  42 


102 


318  lbs.  net  f()   9J....30  21  $   186  85 


265  60 


no   94 


59  42 


682  81 


!  hi 


NKW    YOKK,     MAY     8,    1859. 


Brought $     682    81 


Bought  of  Hallct  &  Brown 

4  bis.  Lump  Butter,     672  lbs. 

80  lbs.  tare. 


592 


^'J  6  chests  Y.  H.  Tea,     654  lbs. 
'    '  114  lbs.  tare. 


2  lbs.  net  tD  111 $^9  56 


540  lbs.  net  Q)  42 226  80 


10 


o 

o 

o 

'A 


Bought  of  Parker,  Ho^Yard,  &  Co. 

4  hhds.  of  N.  O.  Molaasses,  120 

140 
136 

m 


513  gals,  tl  36 


16 


oo 
o  o 


o 

O    Ui 

-*-'    o 
o «.-. 

OO 


Bought  of  Barclay  &  Livingston 

3  boxes  white  Havana  Sugar, 

1,323  lbs. 
198  lbs.  tare. 


1,125  lbs.  net  ^121... $140  62 


5  bags  Pepper 
10  casks  Linseed  Oil, 


120  lbs.        -a    8   . 
240  gals,  n  1  12-| 


9  60 
270  00 


E. 


18  — " 

Bought  of  Jonathan  Jones,  Boston, 

10  Ws.  No.  1  Mackerel,      ^  7  621 $76  25 

10  bis.  No.  3  Mackerel,      e3  81i---- o8  7o 

Shipping  expenses ^ 


103 


296    36 


184    68 


420    22 


116    60 


$  1,700    67 


1 


tfii 

'1, 

;! 


I 


!f '! 


A  ! 


it    I- 

! 


I    I 


II 


I    ; 


i    i  I 


•  > 


NEW     YORK,     MAY     ^G,     1859. 


Bought  of  C.  Huntington 

p,      5  ceroons  Cuba  Tobacco,    543  lbs. 

^>  40  lbs.  tare. 


Brought $  1,100    67 


At  CO  days. 


503  lbs.  net  €)  16 


(( 


E. 


Bought  of  John  Stevens 

11  bis.  Whiskey,       32i  gals. 

311 
321 
33 
331 
32 


195 


195 
32 
33 

32 
33 


358  gals,  e  311 


JUNE    3. 


Bouorht  of  W.  A.  Moale,  Baltimore. 


Received  per  Schr.  CheiTy,  Capt.  Ashton, 

^>    150  Virginia  Hams,   2,700  lbs.  fj  10| $290  25  '< 

Shipping  expenses 3  60 


o 

o 

O 


Bought  of  Hone,  Coster,  &  Co. 

20  boxes  of  Muscatel  Eaisins,  fD  3  00 $60  00 

20  boxes  Prunes,         IGO  lbs.  «)      12 19  20 

5  casks  Currents,       125  lbs.  -0      H 13  75 


(( 


E. 


Bought  of  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co. 

20  bis.  N.  Y.  superfine  Flour,  O  0  37i $127  50 

20  bis.  Indian  Meal,  tD  4  75   95  00 


80    48 


112    77 


293    75 


92    95 


222    50 


$  2,503    12 


104 


E. 


NEW    YORK,    JUNE    11,    1859. 

~^  Brought $2,503    12 

Bought  of  Alfred  Graham 

45  firkins  New  York  Dairy  Butter, 

4,500  lbs. 
300  lbs.  tare. 


4,200  lbs.  net -a)  13, 


13 


^      Bought  of  Pettis  &  Roome 


00 

Oi 

1—1 

.O 


o 

o 
o 

c 
O 


10  boxes  white  Brazil  Sugar, 

4,460  lbs. 
594  lbs.  tare. 

3,866  lbs.  net  tB  lOJ. 


(( 


a 

eS 


Bought  of  Hogan  &  Miller 

120  boxes  of  N.  Y.  Yellow  Soap,  3,600  lbs.  fD  5i 


17 


Bought  of  Barclay  &  Livingston 
E.     4  half-pipes  Bordeaux  Brandy,  250  gals.  O  1  30 


It 


E. 


Bought  of  Hallet  &  Brown 

2  half-pipes  Sherry  Wine,  126  gals.  -9)  63  ... 
1  pipe  Port  Wine,  120  gals.  fD  75  . . . 


546    00 


396    26 


198    00 


325    00 


$79  38 
90  00            169 

38 

I 
i 

$  4,137 

76 

105 


!!* 


I! 


i 


s 


r  4 


ri 


E. 


NEW     YOKK,     JULY     10,     1859. 


Bought  of  Barclay  &  Livingston 

50  bis.  New  York  superfine  Flour,  ^  6  50 

12 


Brought $  4,13t    76 

325    00 


Received,  to  be  sold  on  commission,  from  George  Morris, 
Newark, 

25  bis.  dried  pared  Peaches 


29 


Bought  of  Parker,  Howard,  &  Co. 

E.     10  tierces  Bice,  35  cwt.  CD  3  15 $131  25 

20  bis.  Howard-street  Flour,    fj  G  50 130  00 


261    25 
$  4,724    01 


I  Total  cost  of  Merchandise $4,724  01 

Balance  of  Merchandise  in  store,  per  Inventory .     500  00 

Cost  of  Merchandise  sold 4,224  01 

Amount  of  Sales,  from  the  Sales-Book 4,962  56 


Amount  of  Gain  on  Merchandise  sold 738  55 


106 


SALES-BOOK. 


S.  &  M. 


1859. 


",  !  ' 


li 


Note.  — This  book  is  designed  to  save  or  relieve  the  Day-Book  :  all  the 
descriptions  of  goods  sold  by  us  appear  first  in  this  book.  As  the  purchaser 
orders  or  selects  his  goods,  the  articles  are  enumerated— quantity,  quality, 
and  price  — in  this  book ;  and  from  this  entry  the  bill  is  made  out  for  the 
purchaser.  When  the  sales  in  this  book  are  not  paid  for  or  settled,  they 
pass  from  it  into  the  Day-Book,  and  are  marked  in  the  margin  —  E.  (entered.) 

As  the  amounts  are  carried  forward  from  page  to  page,  at  the  end  of  this 
book  will  be  found  the  total  sales  of  our  merchandise. 

107 


!i^ 


T 


! 


E. 


K. 


E. 


ij. 


NE^V     YOIIK,     MAY     18,     1859. 


Sold  to  Charles  Siniraoiis 

1  cask  Linseed  Oil,  24  gals,  ft  1  37?, $33  00 

1  bl.  Mackerel,  &  4  50 

1  bl.  Flour,  n  0  '25 

1  bag  Java  Coffee,  122  lbs.  CO      10    10  52 

19 

Sold  to  William  Eawreiice 

1  lihd.  N.  0.  Sugar,  1,0G5  lbs.  ^        SJ $90  52 

1  bag  Java  Coffee,  121  lbs.  il      IG  19  3G 

I  bag  Laguavra  Coffee,  112  lbs.  U      10   H  20 

4  ])k  Flour, "  tD  5  25   21  00 

22 

Sold  to  W.  B.  Browu 

5  bush.  Lisbon  Salt,  €8  58 $  2  90 

5  boxes  Cheese,  113   lbs.    n     9 J IG  01 

1  bl.  Summer  Oil,  28  J  gals,  il  GO IG  95 

1  bl.  Lump  Butter,  1G2    lbs.    U  13 21  OG 

1  hlid.  N.  O.  Molasses,  120   gals,  e  40 48  00 

2  bis.  Lump  Butter,        327    lbs.    ^15 49  05 

23 

Sold  to  Charles  Simmons 

1  sack  fine  Salt,  U       $3  00 

5  gals,  dry  Malaga  Wine,  U  60 3  00 

if 

Sold  to  P.  S.  Thompson 

2  bis.  supr.  Flour,  fl  6  50 $13  00 

1  cask  Winter  Oil,  40  gals.  U      79 31  GO 

Sold  to  Henry  Small 

1  bag  Java  Coffee,  116  lbs.  Q)  17 $19  72 

1  bl.'  supr.  Flour,  '0)       6  00 

10  gals,  dry  Malaga  Wine,     tp  60 GOO 


108 


63    27 


142    08 


153    97 


6    00 


44    60 


31    72 


441     64 


XKW    YOUK,     MAY     23,    1859. 


Q, 


t. 


I  Bought , 
JSold  to  W.  S.  Christman 

1  bl.  Lump  r>utter,        1G8  lbs.    fl)      13 

1  hlid.  N.  0.  Molasses,  140  gals.  U      38 

4  bis.  superfine  Flour,  il  (j  00 


$    441    64 


$21  84 
,  53  20 
.    24  00 


^: 


25 

Sold  to  I.  Farrington 
G  sacks  fine  Salt,  U  3  00. 

II 


Sold  to  P.  S.  Thompson 
K.     1  qr.  cask  dry  ?klalaga  Wine,  27  gals.  0)  60. 


(( 


Sold  to  Henry  Small 

'2  bags  Laguayra  Coffee,  212   lb.     CD  12 
1  bl.  Summer  Oil,  28  J  gals. -Q)  60 


.$25  44 
.   16  95 


ii 


r 


Sold  to  James  Richings 

1  bag  Java  Coffee,            101  lbs.    O      16 $16  16 

^2  bis.  superfine  Flour,                         -0)  6  50 13  00 

1  qr.  cask  Malaga  Wine,    27  gals.  ®      75 20  2o 

i4  bush.  Marseilles  Salt,                     ft)      65 2  60 

1  bush.  Salt,                                      tv           -i^ 

27 ~ 


E. 


'Sold  to  Joseph  Johnson 

1  bl.  Lump  Butter,      105    lbs.    fD      13 $2145 

1  bl.  Ko.  3  Mackerel,  'G)  f  jO 

1  bl.  Whiskey,  321  gds.  {h      36 11    iO 

2  bis.  Flour.  0)6  00 12  00 


29 


Sold  to  I.  Farrington 


E. 


2  bis.  Whiskey,  31^ 

"^  64  gals.  f()      36   $23  04 

3  bis.  No.  1  Mackerel,  CD  8  12i 24  37 


109 


99    04 


18    00 


16    20 


42    39 


52    47 


\ 


49     65 


47    41 


766    80 


Pi 

111" 


I 


I 


II 


1 :! 


V 


I-  1:; 


i  I. 


I  ' 


I  f\\\ 


it  if 


I 


NKW     YOKK,     MAY    Q9,     1859. 


E. 


Sold  to  W.  B.  JJrown 

2  Young  Hyson,  112  lbs. 

113  lbs. 
225  lbs. 
38  lbs.  tare. 

181  lbs.  net  {i  60. 
31 


Brought , 


$     7G6    80 


E. 


Sold  to  James  Ricliings 

1  box  Havana  Sugar,  441  lbs. 

G6  lbs.  tare. 

375  lbs.  net  {J  13^ 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


It 


Sold  to  W.  S.  Christman 
1  bag  Pepper,  24  lbs.  Q)  10 


(< 


Sold  to  I.  Farrington 

7  bis.  superfine  Flour,  ^  6  25 


(< 


Sold  to  William  Lawrence 

1  qr.  cask  Malao-a  Wine,  27  gals.  fD  60 $16  20 

1  cask  Winter  Oil,  40  gals.  fD  80 32  00 


JUNE    3. 


Sold  to  William  Lawrence 

10  Yirgiuia  Hams,  180  lbs.  tD  12 

tt       — ______————— 

Sold  to  James  Ricliings 

3  bis.  Whiskey,        98|  gals.  ^36 $35  46 

10  Virginia  Hams,  186    lbs.    -8)12 22  32    ! 


110 


93    50 


60    02 


43 


40 


15 


48    20 


21    60 


57    78 


1,084     65 


E. 


NEW     YOKK,     JUNE     3,     1859.  4 

Brought $1,084    65 

Sold  to  I.  Farrington  ^ 

1  hhd.  N.  0.  Molasses,  140  gals.  ^38 ^^^0   ' 

1  chest  Young  Hyson,  109  lbs.    fD  50 54  50 

1  bag  Pepper,  24  lbs.    U     0 2  40 

5  Yi^ginia  Hams,  80  lbs.    U  IH ^^  ^^j 


ii 


E. 


Sold  to  R.  Jessup 

4  casks  Linseed  Oil,  96  gals.  CD  1  15 
_ —     6    


B. 


Sold  to  R.  Jessup 
3  bis.  Whiskey, 


98|  gals,  ti) 


35 $34  47 


5  boxes  Muscatel  Raisins, 

1  cask  Currents,  32    lbs. 


e  3  25 16  25 

fj       121 4  00 


12* 


(( 


E. 


Sold  to  P.  S.  Thompson 

160  lbs.    {Om $20  00 

117  gals.  -0)374 43  87 

65  gals.  ^36   23  40 

24  lbs.    U    9   2  16 

0)        8  25 


1  bl.  Lump  Butter, 

1  hhd.  Molasses, 

2  bis.  Whiskey, 
1  bag  Pepper, 
1  bl.  No.  1  Mackerel, 


<( 


E. 


Sold  to  Henry  Small 

10  Yirginia  Hams,  181  lbs.  ^1?   $23  53 

5  boxes  Muscatel  Raisins,  ^  3  2Di lb  ^1 


Sold  to  Joseph  Johnson 

1  bl.  No.  3  INIackerel, 
E.     1  bl.  N.  Y.  Flour, 
1  bl.  Indian  Meal, 


u 


ft) 

It 


$4  25 
.  6  75 
.   4  75 


Sold  to  John  Stevens 


5  Yirginia  Hams,     84  lbs.  U      U $11  ^6 


E.     2  boxes  Muscatel  Raisins,   0)  3  50 


2  boxes  Prunes, 


Ol  50 


00 
00 


111 


120     10 


110    40 


54    n 


97    68 


39    80 


15 


15 


21     76 


1,544     86 


; !  I 


11 


hH 


,1 

i 


J 


il 


} 

.  s 


J'. 


'    ! 


!   *i 


S  1  i' 


<J 


E. 


E. 


E. 


R. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


NEW    YORK,    JUNE    11,    1859. 


Sold  to  Alfred  Graham 


Brought 


$  1,544    86 


1  cask  Whiter  Oil,  40  gals.  O)  1o $30  00 

1  bl.  Summer  Oil,  28  gals.  -Q)  05 18  20 

20  bush.  Lisbon  Salt,  'CD  CO 12  00    i 

5  sacks  fine  Salt,  Q)  3  00 15  00 


12 


Sold  to  W.  B.  Brown 


1  cask  Currents,         25  lbs.  -0)  13 $  3  25 

5  Yirginia  Hams,       80  lbs.  '0)13 10  40 

I  bl.  No.  1  Mackerel,  U        8  50 


II 


Sold  to  r.  S.  Thompson 

2  chests  Young  Hyson  Tea,  218  lbs.  tl)  50 


<( 


Sold  to  Henry  Small 

4  bis.  N.  Y.  superfine  Flour,  fD  6  621 $26  50 

6  bis.  Indian  Meal,  ^  4  50    27  00 


ti 


Sold  to  Joseph  Johnson 

1  bl.  Linseed  Oil,        24  gals.  -Q)  1  25 $30  00 

1  bl.  No.  3  Mackerel,  U  4  25 


II 


Sold  to  William  Lawrence 

r»  i)]8.  N.  Y^  superfine  Flour,  -0)  6  62^ $39  15 

2  Yirginia  Hams,  43  lbs.         e       10   4  30 


14  

Sold  to  Alfred  Graham 

2  bis.  No.  1  Mackerel,  fi)  8  00 $10  00 

1  chest  Young  Hyson,  109  lbs.  tD      50 54  50 


(I 


Sold  to  W.  B.  Brown 

4  bis.   New  Y'ork  superfine  Flour,  fj  6  62| 


112 


75     20 


22     15 


109    00 


53    50 


34    25 


44     05 


70    50 


26    50 


1,980    01 


E. 


NEW    YORK,    JUNE    14,    1859. 

Brouo-ht $  1,980    01 


Sold  to  I.  Farrington 

1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,  440  lbs.  €g      12 $52  80 

4  boxes  Muscatel  Raisins,  G)  3  50 14  00 


« 


-^!  Sold  to  James  Richings 
^>  1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,  430  lbs.  'S)  11 J 


i( 


66    80 


49    45 


^  Sold  to  Richard  Jessup 
E.     15  Yirginia  Hams,  252  lbs.  ^  13 


E. 


E. 


E. 


(( 


Sold  to  W.  S.  Christman 

1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,    406  lbs.  tO  HJ 

12  boxes  N.  Y.  Yellow  Soap,  ^  1  95 

1  cask  Currants,  25  lbs.  U  12 

5  boxes  Prunes,  40  lbs.  {fj  15 


.$46  69 
.  23  40 
.  3  00 
.     6  00 


19 


Sold  to  William  S.  Christman 

4  bis.  Indian  Meal,  ^  4  50 

1  ceroon  Cuba  Tobacco,  100  lbs.   iD      18| 


.$18  00 
.   18  50 


(< 


Sold  to  James  Richings 

20  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,  CD  X  40 $28  00 

20  gals.  Port  Wine,  ®      80 16  00 


(( 


Sold  to  Richard  Jessup 
E.     1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,  380  lbs.  ^  11 


(( 


Sold  to  William  Lawrence 

1  ceroon  Tobacco,    102  lbs.  Cfi      l^ $17  85 

E.     30  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,    ®  1  40  42  0^ 


8 


113 


32    76 


79    09 


36    50 


44    00 


41    80 


59    85 


2,390    26 


! 
•Il 


jlf' 


n ' 


ii'i 


TW 


R   hi 


I  k 


; 


If 

i  i 


7 

V*. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


NEW    YORK,    JUNE     21,    1859. 


Sold  to  Alfred  Graliam 
1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar, 
8  ])oxes  Yellow  Soap, 


Brought 


80  lbs.  e  111 $43  70 

240  lbs.  «)    tU 1^  60 


3.- 


<( 


Sold  to  P.  S.  Thompson 

1  ceroon  Cuba  Tobacco,  97  lbs.   iD  17i $10  97 

20  gals.  Sherry  Wine,  €8  70   14  00 


li 


Sold  to  Henry  Small 

1  box  Brazil  Sugar,  334  lbs.  {0      12 $40  08 

20  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,       e  1  40 28  00 


13  gals.  Sherry  Wine, 

Sold  to  W.  B.  Brown 
15  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy, 
15  gals.  Sherry  AVine, 
15  gals.  Port  Wine, 

Sold  to  C.  C.  Marsh 

2  gals.  Brandy, 

2  gals.  Sherry  Wine, 

2  gals.  Port  Wine, 

4  Virginia  Ilaras,  GO  lbs. 

1  bl.  Flour, 


^D  1  00 13  00 


<i 


U  1  40   $21  00 

70   10  50 

80   12  00 


it) 
22 


n  1 

il 

25 


30  . 
63  . 
75   . 


$2  60 
1  26 
1  50 
6  45 

.   6  37 


Sold  to  William  S.  Christman 

25  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,     n  \  40 $35  00 

25  gals.  Sherry  Wine,  «)      70 17  50 


It 


E. 


Sold  to  Richard  Jessup 
30  gals.  Port  Wine,  CD  80 


a 


E. 


E. 


Sold  to  Alfred  Graham 
GO  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy, 
30  gals.  Sherry  Wine, 
30  gals.  Port  Wine, 

Sold  to  John  Stevens 

10  gals.  Port  Wine, 
5  gals.  B.  Brandy, 
10  gals.  Sherry  Wine, 


fD  1  40 $84  00 

n      70 21  00 

Ct)      80 24  00 


(( 


fD      80 

n  1  40, 

0)      80. 


$  8  00 

7  00 

8  00 


114 


2.390    2G 


59    30 


30    97 


81    08 


43    50 


18    18 


52    60 


24    00 


129    00 


23     00 


2.851     79 


I.I 


NEW     YORK,     JUNE     26,     1859 


Brought 


$  2,851    79 


E. 


:  Sold  to  W.  A.  :Moale,  Baltimore 

Forwarded  per  schooner  Fair  Star,  Capt.  Little- 
45  firkins  N.  Y.  Prime  Butter,  4,500  lbs. 

300  lbs.  tare. 


Shipping  expenses 


4,200  lbs.  net  0  14,  $588  00 
5  62 


JULY    IS. 


E. 


Shipped,  per  Str.  Black  Warrior,  consigned  to  Penasco  y 

Hermanos,  Havana,  to  be  sold  for  our  account : 
50  bis.  K  Y.  superfine  Wheat  Flour,  Ci)  10  00  . .  ••••••- 

Shipping  {expenses $15  00 

Insurance  on  $553  76  fT  7  %,  having  covered  the 

premium,  policy  $1  25 40  01 


55  01 


16 


^     Sold  for  George  Morris 


^      5  bis  dried  Peaches,  fl  4  50 $22  50 


<( 


ri 

o 


Sold  for  George  Morris 

5  bis.  dried  Peaches,  ®  4  50 $22  50 

_ 17  

-^    Sold  to  James  Richings,  for  Geo.  Morris 

E.     2  bis.  dried  Peaches,  CD  5  621 $11  25 


2 
<( 


Sold  to  William  Lawrence,  for  Geo.  Morris 

2  bis.  dried  Peaches,  fD  5  621 $11  25 


E. 


1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,  380  lbs.  ©  12, 


<( 


Sold  to  Richard  Jessup,  for  Geo.  Morris 


2  bis.  dried  Peaches,  e 


5  621 $11  25 


HI 


E. 


1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,  375  lbs.  €D       12 $45  00 

20  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,  fD  1  40 . . . ..   2b  UU 


593    62 


500    00 


45  (60 


73    00 


$  4,064    01 


115 


^1 


■iN 


\: 


l!' 


I 


»'  : 


f 


{ 


E  f  ■ 


l§ 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


E. 


NEW    YORK,    JULY     19,     1859. 

Brought $4,064    01 

Sold  to  W.  13.  Brown,  account  of  Geo.  Morris  \ 

2  bis.  dried  Peaches,  fD  5  62i $11   '^''^  \\  ; 


10  gals.  Port  Wine,  ®  80 


16    00 


<( 


Sold  to  Henry  Small 

20  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,       0)  1  90 $38  00 

1  ceroon  Tobacco,  101  lbs.     U      ItJ 17  67 

Account  of  Geo.  Morris 
2  bis.  dried  Peaches,  -S)  5  00 $10  00 


Sold  to  P.  S.  Thompson 

1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,  380  lbs.  {JD      12 $45  60 

20  gals.  Bordeaux  Brandy,  Q)  1  40 28  00 


55    6T 


73     60 


20 

Shipped,  per  Stmr.  Marion,  Berry,  consigned  to  S.  Chad- 
,^^       wick  &  Co.,  Charleston,  to  be  sold  for  our  account  : 

E.     100  boxes  Yellow  Soap,  2,920  lbs.  tD  12^ 

Shipping  expenses $12  00 

21  


365    00 


Sold  to  C.  C.  Marsh 

5  bis.  Morris's  dried  Peaches,  O  5  00 $25  00 

28 

Sold  for  George  Morris 

1  box  white  Brazil  Sugar,     375  lbs.  -0)  12 J $46  87 

20  i^als.  Port  Wine,  tJ  75   15  00 


61    87 


$  4,636    15 
,  Amouiit  of  Retail  Cash  Sales  from  the  Cash-Book 326    41 

Total  Sales  of  our  Merchandise $  4,962    56 


116 


BILL-BOO  K. 


S.  &  M. 


I 


1859. 


1! 

i 


Note.  —  In  this  book  first  are  entered  all  promissory  notes,  drafts,  &c., 
having  time  to  run  before  they  become  due  or  payable,  in  our  favor  or 
against  us  authorized  by  our  signature.  The  pupil  will  write  the  notes  as 
they  arise  in  each  transaction,  calculate  the  day  on  which  each  becomes  due, 
adding  three  days  for  what  is  termed  grace,  and  enter  from  the  note  into 
this  book  the  various  items  which  the  headings  of  the  different  columns  call 
for  — those  in  our  favor  under  the  head  of  Bills  Jleceivahle,  and  those  against 
ns  under  the  head  of  Bills  PmjaUc.  Nothing  is  written  in  the  column  headed 
"  Remarks"  until  a  note  is  paid  or  disposed  of.  This  book  furnishes  us  with 
all  information  relative  to  the  notes  we  hold  against  others,  without  taking 
them  from  a  place  of  security,  and  also  affords  us  such  particulars  in  relation 
to  the  notes  we  may  have  issued  against  us  as  we  may  from  time  to  time 

require  to  know. 

117 


': 


:  i 


r 
I": 


1    New  York 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
U 
15 
16    Baltimore. 


BILLS 


ViX.Li^. 


i'.w 


>>  ilVJl. 


May  22, 
"  30, 
"    30, 

June  5, 
"  5, 
"  15, 
"  15, 
''  10, 
"  16, 
"  30, 
"    30, 

July    2, 


<( 


2, 

6, 

"    15, 
"    18, 


1 859 1  William  Lawrence , 
W.  B.  Brown  . . . , 
P.  S.  Thompson  . , 

I.  Farrington . 

James  Ricliings. . , 
P.  S.  Thompson  . , 
Henry  Small . . . , 
R.  Jessup , 


I.  Farrington . 


James  Richings . . 
W.  S.  Christman . . 

Henry  Small 

P.  S.  Thompson  . , 
Charles  Lawrence, 
John  Sims , 


W.  A.  Moale C.  Huntington 


118 


RLCEIVABLE 


Y.'IIO.SE   rAYOP.. 


Smith  &  Marsh. 


tt 
11 
<i 
II 

it 

a 
it 
u 

ii 
u 
u 
u 
u 

tl 


(< 
(( 
<( 
(( 
(< 

<( 

i( 

(( 

« 

fl 
« 
«< 
II 
a 


TIMH. 


30  days. 
3  months. 

2  months. 

3  months. 

3  months. 
60  days. 
60  days. 

4  months. 
3  months. 
90  days. 
3  months. 
60  days. 
60  days. 
3  months. 
6  months. 
3  ds/ sight 


June  24, 1859 
Sept.  2, 
Aug.  2, 
Sept.  8, 
"  8, 
Aug.17, 

"  n, 

Oct.  19, 
Sept.19, 
Oct.    1, 

"      3, 
Sept.  3, 

"      3, 
Oct.    9, 
Jan.    8,1860 
July  24, 1859 


II 


li 


a 


II 


tl 


II 


a 


a 


<( 


$  100    00 

153    9^ 

44    60 

109  16 
103    09 

9t    68 
83    01 

110  40 
121  90 
100  00 
120  00 
180  00 
100  00 
127  44 
515  25 
400    00 


Paid  at  maturity. 
Disc.  June  21,  '59 
Pas'd  June  9,  '59 
Pas'd  June  9,  '59. 
Pas'd  June  23,  '59. 


Disc.  June  21,  '59. 
Pas'd  June  23,  '59. 


Paid  at  maturity. 


■ 


Hi 


I  \ 


119 


I' 


ill 


H 


IH 


i  ' 


BILLS 


•X  ^\ 


1    New  York 


2 
8 
4 

5 
6 

7 
8 
9 


<< 


II 


(( 


<( 


u 


II 


It 


il 


10  Baltimore. 

11  New  York 
12 


11 


.     May  10, 1859 .  Smith  &  Marsh 

"  8,  " 
.       "    16,    " 

"    It,    " 

"  26,  " 
.    June   1,    " 


<< 


4,  " 

.       "      7,  " 

"    13,  " 

.       "    19,  " 

.     July  29,  " 

"    30,  " 


<< 

K 
It 
U 
tt 
If 
{( 


il 
II 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 
tt 


W.  A.  Moale Smith  &  Marsh  . . 

Smith  &  Marsh 

Alfred  Graham Smith  &  Marsh  . . 


f" 


\ 


"% 


f 


120 


PAYABLE. 


Parker,  Howard,&  Co  90  days.  Aug.11,1859     $184    68 

Uallet  &  Brown 6  months.  Nov.ll, 

Barclay  k  Livingston  4  months.  Sept.  19, 

Pettis  &  Roome 60  days.  July  19, 

John  Stevens 3  months.  Aug. 29, 

Barclay  &  Livingston  3  months.  Sept.  4, 

Hone,  Coster,  &  Co. .  3  months.  "      T, 

C.  Huntington 60  days.  Aug.  9, 

Pettis  &  Boome 4  months.  Oct.  1 6, 

C.  Huntington 10  ds.'si't.  July    2, 

Parker,  Ho  ward,  &  Co  3  months.  Nov.  1, 

R.  M'Murray 60  days.  Oct.    1, 


296 

200 

36 
00 

[1S59 

Disct.  June  22, 

200 

00 

112 
122 

77 
08 

Llfe59. 

Disct.  June  21, 

92 

95 

80 

48 

198 

13 

200 

00 

Paid  at  matu'ty. 

130 

00 

142 

00 

I    11 
i    if 


I 


i  1 


i  ♦ 


121 


If 


i 

r 

■  i' 


i 


122  U  E  R  C  A  N  T  I  h  E     V  ( )  Tv  :\[  S . 

Dr.  John     Stevens     in     Account 

For  Cash $    50  00 

"    our  Note  Q)  three  months 112  77 

"    Cash 150  00 

"    Mcrcliandiso,  per  Bill  rendered 21  7G 

''    Merchandise,  per  Bill  rendered 23  00 

''    J.  Jones's  Draft  at  sight  on  you 200  00 

612  77 


lh;">.l. 

May 

11 

ii 

29 

tt 

30 

June 

6 

n 

25 

July 

4 

E.  E. 


New  York,  July  31,  1859. 

Smith  &  Marsh, 


Per  John   Sims. 


Note. — Accounts-Current  are  drawn  from  the  accounts 
of  the  persons  in  the  Lcgcr,  with  reference  to  the  Day- 
Book  for  particulars.  An  Account-Current  is  intended  to 
supply  the  person  with  whom  you  have  husiness,  with  a  copy 
from  your  books  as  far  as  relates  to  him,  so  that  he  may  know 
what  is  the  result  of  the  business  that  has  been  transacted  be- 
tween you  and  him,  according  to  your  books.  These  accounts 
are  usually  exchanged  twice  a  year,  and  also  whenever  cir- 
cumstances require.  Interest  is  allowed  or  not  allowed,  ac- 
cording to  the  nature  of  the  business  and  understanding  be- 
tween the  parties.  When  interest  is  calculated,  it  must  bo 
from  the  dates  on  which  the  sums  are  due,  down  to  the  time 
the  account  is  made  out.  One  or  two  pages  of  a  sheet  of 
letter-paper  are  suitable  for  the  ruling  of  the  account. 


I 


M 


EUCANTILE    FORMS. 


123 


Current     w 


iTH     Smith     &    Marsh 


Or 


leGO. 
May 


(( 


25    For  Cash 

2G      ''    Merchandise  ®  three  months,  per  Bill  received. 


June       1  "I 


(( 


Cash, 


§200  00 
112  77 
300     00 


Dollars        612    11 


n 


1S59. 


July        3 1     ^^ov  Balance brought  down 


$    55    24 


I        I 


NoTE.-Thcre  are  three  different  ways  of  making  out  Ac- 
counts-Current, viz  :— 

1st.  Without  interest. 

2d.   With  interest. 

3d.  By  averaging,  in  order  to  show  when  the  balance  of  the 

account  is  due . 

The  above  is  of  the  first  kind.  It  is  merely  an  explana- 
tion  of  Air.  Stevens'  account  as  it  stands  in  our  Legcr.  The 
particulars  are  obtained  by  reference  to  the  Day-Book. 


I  { 


It' 

1 1 


•I- 

i 


ll 


>v 


i  i 


I    J 


124 


Dr. 


MERCANTILE     F  O  R  ISl  S . 

Calvin  Huntington  in  Account 


1859.  ! 

June       1    For  our  Note  fD  60  ds.,  due  Aug.  9  *                         $       80  48 

"       It      "    Cash,  loan 44     $  2    93            400  00 

July     27      "    Mdse.  —  Invoice    to    Charles- 
ton  $3n.oo 

10%  advance 31.10  4               28            414  70 

"       31       "    Balance  of  Interest, -0)  6%..  .  ^  qa 


3    21 


896    44 


Dr. 


•  See  explanatory  Note  on  page  12(». 


Wm.  a.  Moale.  Baltimore,  in  Account 


1859. 

June     19    For  Amt.  of  your  Draft  ft)  10  days 

sight,  July  2d,  1859 29 

"       26    For  Amount  of  Bill  Merchandise 

per  your  order 35 

July     31    For  Balance  of  Interest  on  this  ac- 
count, ^  6  % 


97     $      200    00 


3    46 


4     43 


593    62 


92 


843     75 


E.  E. 

New  York,  July  31,  1859. 
Siniii  &  Marsh, 

Per  John   Sims. 


MERCANTILE    FORMS. 
Current    with    Smith    &    Marsh. 


125 


Cr. 


1859. 

May     26    For  Merchandise  €)  CO  days,  per 

Bill  received 

fune     27      "    J.  Jones's  Draft  at  sight,  yr.  favor 
luly     31       "    Balance  of  Inst,  in  red  from  Dr. 
"       "       "    Balance  of  Interest 


E.  E. 

New  York,  July  31,  1859. 
SiHTH  &  Marsh, 

Per  John  Sims. 


3 

4 

$ 

80    48 

34 

$  1     79 

316     60 

12 

- 

1    26 

3    21 


896    44 


\ 


i 


Current     with     Smith     &    Marsh 


Cr. 


1859. 

June 

July 
<< 

ti 


3    For  Merchandise,  per  your  Bill  of 

this  date 

8    For  Amt.  of  our  Draft  fi)  10  ds.  sight, 

due  per  advise  July  23,  1859. 

18    For  Amount  of  your  Draft  ®  3  days 

!  sight,  due  July  24,  1859 

31  Balance  of  Interest 

I  \ 

1        i 


186'J. 

July     31    For  Balance  due  this  date 


58     $  2    84     $      293    75 


20 


92 


4    43 


150    00 


400    00 


843     75 


49    21 


I 


ill    iv 


pi 


,H 


I     . 


I     it 


12G 


18SA 

May 


<i 


(< 


June 


<( 


July 


Dr. 


MERCANTILE    FORMS. 

John     Stevens    in    Account 


11    For  Cash '  ^    50     00 


29 
30 

6 
25 

4 


''  onr  Note,  due  August  29,  1859 

"  Cash 

"  Merchandise,  per  Bill  rendered. 

"  Merchandise,  per  Bill  rendered. 


112  n 

150  00 

21  7G 

23  00 

"    J.  Jones's  Draft  at  sight 2OO  00 


612    n 


E.  E. 


New  York,  July  31,  1859. 

Smith  &  Marsh, 


Per  John   Sims. 


*  Note  to  Jirst    account  on  page  124. 

This  is  ail  Accouat-Currcnt  with  interest  calculated  on 
each  sura  from  the  time  it  was  due  up  to  the  time  the  ac- 
count is  supposed  to  be  made  out  — July  31.     The  first  sum 
on  this  account,  not  being  due  until  after  July  31,  gives  an 
interest  which  belongs  on  the  credit  side  of  the  account ;  it 
is  therefore  put  in  red  to  distinguish  it :  this  interest  (12  cts.) 
must  not  be  added  in  the  Dr.  column,  but  brought   over 
among  the  interests  on  the  Cr.  side  of  the  account.    Care 
must  be  taken  not  to  charge  interest  on  sums  that  are  not 
due  at  the  time  the  account  is  made.    When  such  an  account 
is  rendered  to  the  party  for  whom  it  is  made  out,  the  balance 
of  interest  should  bo  carried  to  the  Day-Book,  and  thence 
posted  on  to  his  account  in  the  Leger,  to  make  the  two  ac- 
counts agree. 


MERCANTILE    FORMS. 
Current    with    Smith    &    Marsh. 


127 


Cr. 


1859. 


1859. 


May       25    For  Cash $200     00 

"         2G      "    Merchandise  ^  three  months,  due  Aug.  29,  '59. .         112     H 
June       n      "    Cash 300     00 


Dollars         612     77 


July        31    For  Balance  due  April  13,  1859 $    55    24 


Note. — The  above  Account-Current  is  the  form  of  an  av- 
eraged account.  It  shows  that  the  balance  falls  due  April 
13,  at  which  time  no  interest  arises  on  it ;  but  as  long  as  the 
balance  remains  unpaid  after  that  date  it  accumulates  inter- 
est; thus,  there  is  now  (July  31)  110  days'  interest  due  on 
the  balance  of  $55.24. 

This  plan  of  making  Accounts-Current  has  an  advantage 
over  the  former ;  it  is  fairer,  because  by  averaging  v/e  find 
when  the  balance  becomes  due,  which,  being  known,  one 
need  not  pay  it  before;  whereas  by  the  other  plan  a  bal- 
ance is  made  due  at  a  certain  time  by  charging  or  allowing 
interest. 

The  calculation  of  averaging  the  above  account  is  among 
the  examples  in  "  Equation  of  Payments"  in  this  book. 


If: 


? 


:i; 


li 


:  - 


I 


I  ^ 

f     ^ 


128 


MERCANTILE   FORIVIS. 


AN    ACCOUNT-SALES. 


Account-Sales  of  25  barrels  dried  Peaches,  sold  by  order  and  for 

account  of   George   M  o  rri  s,  Newark, 

By  Smith  k  Marsh,  New  York. 


I8o9. 


July 


(I 


IG 

n 

19 
21 


10  barrels,  0)  4  50  S    45    00 

G  barrels,  CD  5  62J 

2  barrels,  Cfi  5  62 J 

2  barrels,  ^5  00  

5  barrels,  tJ)  b  00   


25  barrels. 


33  75 

11  25 

10  00 

25  00 

125  00 


Charges. 


Freight  and  Drayage $9  50 

Storage 1  00 

Commission 6  25 


Net  proceeds , 


IG    15 
108    25 


New  York,  July  23,  1859. 

SmiH  &  Marsh, 

Per  John  Sims. 


:l 


MERCANTILE 


FORMS    AND    CALCULATIONS 


BILL    OF    A  PURCHASE. 

[From  Salies-Book— May  18.] 

New  York,  May  18,  1859. 

Mr.  Charles  Simmoks  e  nr      ^ 

Bought  of  Smith  &  Marsh. 

1  cask  Linseed  Oil,        24  gals.  ^13^ ^^l^ 

1  bl.  Mackerel,  ®            g  25 

1   "  Flour,  ®      ,  ^  1 Q  ^o 

1  bag  Java  Coffee,  net  122  lbs.  fO     16 '  ^^ 

63  27 


BILL  OF   CHARGES. 


[From  Leger— folio  4.] 
New  York,  1859. 


Mr.  James  Richings 


Dr. 


May  25.  For  Merchandise,  per 
-    31.  For 


To  Smffh  &  Marsh. 

bill  rendered $^2  47 

11  50  oi 


103  09 


\ 


BILL   AND   RECEIPT. 

[From  Transaction  4— May  6.] 

New  York,  May  6,  1859. 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh  n     ^r.  Jir  p,, 

^  Bought  of  Hone,  Coster,  &  to. 

4  casks  Winter  Oil,     1G31  gals.  ®  70 $11J  ^5 

2  bis.  Summer  Oil,        56i     "     0)54 |^  ^^ 

10  boxes  Cheese,  433    lbs.    ®    6 ^^  ^^ 

170  94 

Received  Payment,  for  Hone,  C,  &Co.  ~~ 

W.  Jones. 

9 


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; 


130 


MERCANTILE   FORMS. 


ORDERS. 

New  York,  May  1,  1859, 

Mr.  John  Stevens  will  please  deliver  to  Joseph  Johnson,  two  barrels 
of  Mackerel,  and  charge  the  same  to 

Smith  &  ]\Iarsh. 

New  York,  May  1,  1859. 
Mr.  John  Stevens  will  please  deliver  to  Joseph  Johnson  goods  to  the 
amount  of  twenty  dollars  ($20),  and  charge  the  same  to 

Smith  &  Marsh. 


$100  00 


A   PROMISSORY   NOTE. 

[From  Transaction  21— May  22.] 

New  York,  May  22,  1859. 


Thirty  days  after  date,  I  promise  to  pay  to  the  order  of  Smith  & 
Marsh,  one  hundred  dollars  ;  value  received. 


Wm.  Lawrence. 


Due  June  24,  '59. 


$122  08 


NOTES  WITH  INTEREST. 

[From  Transaction  38 — June  1.] 

New  York,  June  1,  1859. 


Four  months  after  date,  we  promise  to  pay  to  the  order  of  Barclay 
&  Livingston,  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  Vioo  dollars  ;  value  received. 

Smith  &  Marsh. 

Due  Oct.  4,  '59. 


[From  Transaction  81— July  15.] 
*5I5  25  New  York,  July  15,  1859. 

Six  months  after  date,  I  promise  to  pay  to  the  order  of  Messrs. 
Smith  &  Marsh,  liv(!  hundred  dollars,  with  interest  at  six  per  cent,  per  an- 

num  ;  value  received. 

John  Sims. 

Due  January  18,  '60. 


MERCANTILE   FORMS. 


131 


$515  25 


RECEIPT  FOR  A  NOTE. 

[From  Transaction  81— July  15.] 

New  York,  July  15,  1859. 


R(^ceived  of  John  Sims  his  note  at  six  months  for  five  hundred 

and  fifteen  dollars  twenty-five  cents,  dated  this  date. 

Smith  &  Marsh. 


$200  00 


A   DRAFT. 


[From  Transaction  60— June  19.] 
Baltimore,  June  11,  1859. 


Ten  days  after  sight,  pay  to  the  order  of  Calvin  Huntington  two 
hundred  dollars,  value  received,  and  charge  the  account  of 

Your  obedient  servant, 
To  Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh,  ^  Wm.  A.  Moale. 

Merchants,  New  York. 

Due  July  2,  '59. 

Note  —The  student  will  find  this  draft,  as  it  appears  after  being  accepted  by  the  party 
on  wlr!m  it  is  drawn,  on  page  94-introduced  there  in  order  to  show  the  acceptation 
across  its  face. 


DRAFT   AT   SIGHT. 

[From  Transaction  71— June  27.] 

$316.«Vioo  '  Boston,  June  26,  1859. 

At  sight  pay  to  the  order  of  Calvin  Huntington,  three  hun- 
dred and  sixteen  60/100  ^^o^^rs,  for  value  received,  and  charge  the  account 
o  Your  obedient  servant. 

To  Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh,  ^^^^'  J^^^s. 

:Merchants,  New  York. 


$33  84 


RECEIPTS. 


[From  Transaction  82— July  16.] 

New  York,  July  16,  1859. 


Received  of  Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh,  thirty-three  « Vioo  dollars,  in 


full  for  services  rendered  in  their  store. 


John  Sims. 


$20  00 


[From  Transaction  59— June  17.] 
New  York,  June  17,  1859. 

Received  of  Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh,  twenty  dollars  on  account. 

At  FRED  Graham. 


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132 


MERCANTILE    FORMS. 


Mr.  Jonathan  Jones, 

Boston. 


New  York,  May  10,  1859. 


Dear  Sir  :  Please  ship  to  us  per  first  vessel,  twenty  barrels  new 
Mackerel  of  qualities  Nos.  1  and  3.  Let  them  be  in  good  condition,  and 
at  the  lowest  market  price.  You  are  at  liberty  to  draw  for  the  amount  at 
sight. 

Your  obedient  servants, 

Smith  &  Marsh. 


Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh, 

New  York. 


Boston,  May  13,  1859. 


Sirs  :  Your  favor  of  the  10th  inst.  was  duly  received.  Annexed 
you  will  find  Bill  and  Bill  of  Lading  of  20  barrels  Mackerel  shipped  per 
your  order.  New  Mackerel  will  not  be  in  market  before  the  1st  July. 
The  lot  I  have  sent  you  is  the  best  the  market  affords,  and  at  the  lowest 
rate,  and  no  doubt  will  prove  satisfactory. 

Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 

Jona.  Jones. 


Boston,  May  13,  1859. 
Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh,  , 

New  York. 

Bought  of  Jonathan  Jones, 

10  bis.  No.  1  Mackerel,  tD  T  62 J $t6  25 

10    ''   No.3         "        Q)387J 38  75 

Cartage 1  60 

116  60 


MERCANTILE   FORMS. 


133 


t  n 


Baltimore,  June  16,  1859. 


Messrs.  Smith  &  Marsh, 

New  York. 


Gentn.  :  I  have  this  day  drawn  on  you  at  ten  days'  sight,  in  favor 
of  C.  Huntington,  for  two  hundred  dollars  ($200).    Please  accept  and  oblige 

Your  obedient  servant, 

W.  A.  MOALE. 


Jonathan  Jones,  Esq. 

Boston. 


New  York,  June  27,  1859. 


Dear  Sir  ;  Your  draft  on  us  at  sight,  dated  25  inst.,  in  favor  of 
C,  Huntington,  for  $310.60,  was  presented  this  day  and  paid. 

We  beg  respectfully  to  inform  you  that  you  have  drawn  for  $200  more 
than  the  balance  of  your  account.  We  refer  you  to  your  letter  of  13th 
ult.     Be  so  kind  as  to  remit  a  sight  draft  for  that  amount. 

Your  obedient  servants. 

Smith  &  Marsh, 

per  Jno.  Sims. 


!   » 


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134 


MERCANTILE   CALCULATIONS. 


INTEREST   AND    DISCOUNT. 

Interest  is  a  certain  sura  charged  for  the  use  of  money  granted  by  one 
to  another.  The  rate  or  price  charged  for  the  use  of  money,  varies  in  dif- 
ferent states  and  countries  ;  in  one  it  may  be  five  dollars  for  the  use  of  one 
hundred  dollars  one  year,  in  another  six,  &c.  The  rate  also  varies  according 
to  the  supply  and  demand,  as  sometimes  we  see  money  borrowed  or  hired  at 
the  rate  of  one  or  two  dollars  for  the  use  of  $100  one  month — equal  to  12 
and  24  per  cent,  a  year.  But  these  are  considered  high  rates,  and  are  given 
only  for  very  short  periods.  Laws  have  been  made  in  our  country,  as  well 
as  in  others,  to  limit  the  rate  of  interest  and  prevent  these  high  rates,  which 
are  denominated  tisurious,  but  they  never  have  succeeded  in  doing  it,  for 
"  the  worth  of  a  thing  is  what  it  will  bring,"  and  money,  it  appears,  makes 
no  exception  to  the  saying. 

The  calculation  of  interest,  when  the  time  is  years,  is  no  more  than  com- 
puting the  cost  of  any  number  of  articles  at  so  many  cents  each.  What  is 
the  interest  on  $300  for  one  year  at  6  per  cent.  ?  that  is,  what  will  the  use 
of  $300  for  one  year  amount  to,  at  the  rate  of  6  cents  a  dollar  ?  Whv, 
300  times  6  cents,  which  is  1800  cents,  or  $18.00.  What  will  300  books 
amount  to,  at  6  cents  a  book?  Why,  $18.00.  Then  having  the  interest 
for  one  year,  it  will  be  twice  as  much  for  two  years,  &c. 

Example  1. — What  is  the  interest  on  $500  for  six  months  and  grace 
(three  daysj,  at  G  per  cent.  ?  [From  Transaction  81— July  15.] 

Rule  for  Years.  Multiply  the  number  of  dollars  by  the  rate  per  cent, 
(or  multiply  the  rate  per  cent,  by  the  number  of  dollars),  and  the  product 
will  be  the  interest  in  cents. 


Thus- 


6 

500 


Divide  this  by  2)     30.00  interest  for  1  year. 

$15.00  interest  for  6  months. 


Example  2. — ^What  is  the  interest  on  $500  for  three  days  ? 

Rule  for  Days.     Multiply  the  sura  by  the  number  of  days,  and  divide 
the  product  by  6  ;  the  quotient  will  be  the  interest  in  mills. 

Thus—  $500 

3 


Divisor  6)     1500 


thus  :  .25.0  and  makes  25  cents, 
and  3  days,  is  $15.25. 


250     This  being  mills,  it  is  pointed  off 
The  interest,  then,  on  $500  for  six  months 


MERCANTILE    CALCULATIONS.  13c 

Note.— This  divisor  is  not  the  6  per  cent.,  but  it  is  a  divisor  of  (3000  with 
the  ciphers  suppressed.  It  is  used  only  on  account  of  the  facility  it  gives  in 
dividing  by  so  simple  a  number  as  6 ;  but  it  must  be  understood  to  apply 
only  wkn  the  rate  of  interest  is  6  per  cent.  This  divisor  (6000)  is  found  in 
the  following  way :  When  we  compute  interest  for  one  year  at  6  per  cent., 
we  always  multiply  by  6  and  divide  by  100 ;  therefore,  dividing  by  360 
times  100  (36000)  will  give  the  interest  for  one  day  ;  and  in  order  to  save 
multiplying  by  6,  we  divide  by  I  of  36000,  which  is  6000— because  multi- 
plying by  6,  and  dividing  by  36000,  produces  the  same  result  as  dividing  by 
6000.  If,  then,  we  divide  any  sum  by  6000,  we  obtain  the  interest  on  it  for 
one  day  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  that  interest  multiplied 
by  any  number  of  days,  will  be  the  interest  for  that  number  of  days  ;  but 
to  avoid  a  loss  in  fractions,  we  multiply  first  and  divide  after. 

Although  the  rate  of  interest  may  vary  from  6  %,  this  method  can  still 
be  used,  by  adding  when  it  is  more  and  subtracting  when  it  is  less  than  6 
per  cent.  First  find  the  interest  at  6  per  cent.,  as  in  the  preceding  exam- 
ples, and  then — 

Add i  of  itself for  t  per  cent. 

Add J       "      "    8  per  ceut. 

Add....  J       "      "    9  per  cent. 

Add....§       "      ''  10  per  cent. 

Subtract  i       "      "    5  per  cent. 

Subtract  J        "      "    4  per  cent. 

Thus—  Divide  by  6)     $15.25  interest  at  6  %— (Example  l.j 

2.54       "       atl% 


17.19 


<( 


at  7  9i 


Divisors  for  the  other  common  rates  of  interest — 7  and  5  per  cent. — may 
also  be  found,  but  as  they  would  be  composed  of  more  than  one  figure,  they 
would  be  of  no  practical  use.  The  divisors,  however,  for  the  following  rates, 
are  simple  numbers :  At  3  per  cent,  interest  the  divisor,  when  we  multiply 
the  dollars  and  days  together,  is  12000,  at  4  per  cent.  9000,  9  per  cent. 
4000,  and  at  12  per  cent.  3000 — which  are  divisors  as  simple  as  the  divisor 
at  6  per  cent.,  suppressing  the  ciphers. 

There  is  another  very  short  method  of  calculating  interest  for  days,  which 
is  sometimes  shorter  than  the  one  just  stated.  Thus :  Six  per  cent,  for  a 
year  is  3  per  cent,  for  6  months,  and  3  per  cent,  for  6  months  is  1  per  cent, 
for  2  months  or  60  days ;  therefore  the  interest  on  any  sum  for  60  days  is 
one  per  ceni.  of  the  sum — that  is,  the  figures  of  the  sum  itself :  call  the  dol- 
lars, cents,  and  you  have  the  interest  without  any  further  calculation.  The 
interest  on  $50  for  60  days,  at  6  per  cent,  per  annum,  is  50  cents  ;  on  $700 
for  60  days,  it  is  700  cents,  or  $7  ;  on  $425  for  60  days,  it  is  $4.25,  &c. 


It  - 

I '  ft  !      »  M 


i 

1.1  4 


^i 


Kir 


1    i» 


i  ■ 


136 


MERCANTILE   CALCULATIONS 


Example  3. — What  is  the  interest  on  $1,222.50,  at  6  per  cent,  for  60 
days  ? 

InstructiOxV. — The  interest  is  one  per  cent,  of  the  amount ;  therefore  cut 
off  two  right-hand  figures ;  but  as  the  amount  contains  cents,  cut  off  four 
figures— thus,  $12,22  50.     The  interest  then,  is  12  dollars  22^  cents. 

If  the  interest  was  required  for  three  months  instead  of  two,  you  multiply 
by  11 ;  if  for  four  months,  multiply  by  2  ;  if  for  five  months,  by  2|  ;  if  for 
six  months,  by  3, 

Example  4. — What  is  the  interest  on  $764,  at  6  per  cent.,  for  30  days? 

Ans.  $3.82. 
Instructiox.— First,  always  find  the  interest  for  60  days,  because  it  is  the 
figures  of  the  sum  itself ;  and  then  take  parts.     Thus — 

$7.64  interest  for  60  days. 

3.82  interest  for  30  days. 


Example  2. — What  is  the  interest  on  $1315.75,  at  6  per  cent.,  for  20 
days  '^—Ans.  $4.38 J. 

$13.15.75  interest  for  60  days. 
Of  60  days  20  is  J        4.37.58  interest  for  20  days. 


Example  5.— What  is  the  interest  on  $912.50,  for  13  days,  at  6  per 
cent.?— ^7w.  $1  97.7 

$9.12.50  interest  for  60  days. 

Of  60  days  10  is  i        1.52.08  interest  for  10  days. 

45.62  interest  for    3  days. 


(I 


(< 


3  IS  2q 


1.97.70  interest  for  13  days. 


Or,  by  another  and  perhaps  a  simpler  method,  as  in  Example  2  :  Multiply 
the  sum  by  the  days,  and  divide  the  product  by  6.  This  divisor  (6J  is  6000  ; 
therefore  the  quotient  will  be  the  interest  in  mills,  and  you  must  separate 
the  figures  accordingly. 


Thus— 


$912.50 
13 

273750 
91250 

6)     11862.50 


1.97.70    Ans.  $1.97  and  7  mills. 


MERCANTILE    CALCULATIONS. 


137 


Example  7. — What  is  the  interest  on  $90.00,  at  6  per  cent,  for  4  months 
and  17  days?— ^?w.  $2.05. 

.90  cents  interest  for  2  months. 

2 


Of  60  days,  15  is  J 

t<  a  9  ^a     1 


1.80  interest  for  4  months. 
22 

3 


2.05  interest  for  4  months  1 7  days. 


Or  multiply,  as  in  example  2,  by  the  days  in  4  months  and  17  days,  and 
divide  by  6000. 

Thus-  137  days. 

90  dollars. 


6)     12330 


2.05.5— Interest,  $2.05. 


Note. — This  method,  of  multiplying  by  the  days  and  dividing  by  6,  al- 
though generally  used,  is  not  exactly  correct ;  it  gives  J^  part  more  than 
the  exact  interest,  because  the  rule  supposes  the  year  to  be  360  days.  The 
error  is  corrected  by  deducting  J^-  (about  1|  cents  on  each  dollar  of  interest) 
of  the  interest  so  found,  from  itself.     Thus,  in  Example  7 — 

The  interest  is  $2.05 

Which  divide  by  73  3  cents  nearly. 


$2.02  exact  interest 


COMMISSION. 

Example  1. — What  is  the  commission  on  $462,  at  5  per  cent.? 

A71S.  $23.10. 

Instruction. — Commission  is  a  certain  per  cent,  without  regard  to  time. 
The  more  common  rates  are  2|,  5,  and  7|  per  cent.  The  usual  method  of 
calculating  commission  is  to  multiply  by  the  per  cent.,  and  divide  by  100  ; 
but  the  shortest  method  is  to  find  the  commission  at  10  per  cent.,  and  divide 
by  2  for  5  per  cent.,  by  4  for  2  J  per  cent.,  and  by  |  for  7 A  per  cent.  There 
is  not  much  difference,  however,  between  the  two  ways.  The  advantage  of 
this  plan  is,  that  multiplying  by  10  is  only  adding  the  0.     Thus — 

Divide  by  2)     46.20  commission  at  10  per  cent. 


I 


23.10 


(( 


at    5  per  cent. 


ir 


vi 


ii> 


Vi 

I 

I 


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I 


i 


138 


MKJICANTILE    CALCULATIONS. 


Example  2. — What  is  the  commission  at  5  per  cent,  on  $10,311.50? 

Ans.  $518.57J 
$1037.15.00  commission  at  10  per  cent. 


Divide  by  2)     518.57.50 


(< 


at    5  per  cent. 


ExAiiPLE  3.— What  is  the  commission  at  2|  per  cent,  on  $561.50? 

Ans.  $14.03|. 

$56.15.00  commission  at  10  per  cent.  ^ 

Divide  by  4;     14.03.75  "  at  2 1  per  cent. 

Example  4.— What  is  the  commission  on  $980.40  at  7 J  per  cent.? 

Ans.  $73.53. 
$98.04.00  commission  at  10  per  cent. 


Divide  by  2) 
2) 

49.02.00 
24.51.00 

73.53.00 

at  5  per  cent, 
at  2^  per  cent. 

at  7|  per  cent. 

INSUKANCE. 

Example  1. — What  must  be  paid  to  insnre  $5,000  at  IJ  per  cent.? 

Ans.  $75. 
Instruction. — 5000  times  1^  cts.,  or  multiply  by  1?  and  divide  by  100. 

Example  2. — What  must  be  paid  to  insure  $5,620  at  2  per  cent.,  cover- 
ing the  insurance  or  premium  and  policy  $1.25  ? — Ans.  $115.97. 

Instruction. — Covering  the  premium  means  to  get  the  cost  of  insurance 
insured,  so  that  if  the  goods  are  lost,  you  do  not  lose  anything.  In  this  cal- 
culation you  multiply  the  amount  by  100,  and  divide  by  100,  less  the  rate 
of  insurance.     Thus — 

$5620.00 

1.25  policy. 


100     5621.25 
2  100 


98)  562125.00(5735.97 
5620.00 


$115.97 


Qties.— What  amount  do  you  get  insured  ?    Ans,  The  policy  will  be  drawn 
for  $5,735.97. 


; 


MERCANTILE    CALCULATIONS. 


139 


Example  3.— What  amount  must  the  policy  be  drawn  for,  to  secure 
$660.50,  including  policy  $1.25,  at  2  J-  per  cent.  ?  And  what  must  be  paid 
to  the  insurance  company?  A71S.  Policy  drawn  for  $678.72  ;  pay  the  com- 
pany $18.22. 

$660.50 

1.25  policy. 

100.         661.75 
2.50  100 


97.50)    66175.00    (678.72 

660.50 


18.22 


EQUATION    OF    PAYMENTS. 

By  equation  of  payments  we  ascertain  the  time  when  several  sums  due 
at  different  times,  may  be  paid  in  one  payment,  so  that  neither  the  payer  nor 
receiver  will  gain  in  time.  The  proof  is  obtained  through  interest;  for 
whatever  interest  would  be  produced  by  the  circumstances  previous  to  the 
equation,  sliould  also  be  produced  after  the  equation. 

To  prove  the  equation  in  the  first  example  that  follows,  find  the  mterest 
on  the  sums  that  precede  the  equated  time  (21st  May)  for  the  days  that 
each  precedes,  and  also  the  interest  on  those  that  succeed  that  time  ;  and 
these  two  amounts  of  interest  should  be  equal.  The  remainders  will  gen- 
erally prevent  the  operation  from  proving  to  a  fraction. 

Example  1.— Sold  merchandise  to  H.  Austin,  as  follows ;  when  is  the 
whole  due  in  one  payment? — Ans.  May  21. 

May  6,  bill  of $50 

"     9^      "    75 

"15^     "    .: 80 

"27,      "     120 

"30,      "     150 

Instruction.— Multiply  each  sum  by  its  number  of  days  from  the  first 
sum,  and  divide  the  amount  of  the  products  by  the  amount  of  the  original 
sums.    Thus — 

$50     X     0  = 

75     X     3  =    225 

80     X     9  ^     720 

120     X  21  —  2520 

150     X  24  =  3600 

475  -L-  t065  r=:  15  days  nearly. 

The  above  quotient  is  15  days  from  M:iy  6  ;  tlio  ans\v(M-  i>^  May  21. 


I 


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3    ' 


•i] 


140  MERCANTILE    CALCULATIONS. 

Example  2. — Sold  merchandise  to  P.  Harris  as  follows :  when  is  the 
amount  due  in  one  payment  ? — Ans.  June  7. 

May  10,  bill  of $40  00 

"     15,  "  65  38 

"    27,  "  90  50 

"     30,  "  120  40 

June    6,  "  50  20 

"    20,  "  110  90 

''     25,  "  148  00 

Instruction. — Multiply  each  sum  by  its  number  of  days  from  the  first 
sum,  as  in  the  preceding  example ;  the  cents  may  be  omitted  in  the  calcu- 
lation. The  quotient  will  be  27  nearly,  which  is  27  days  from  May  10  ; 
the  answer  is  June  7. 

Example  3. — Sold  merchandise  to  James  Truman  as  follows :  when  is  the 
amount  due  ? — Ans.  December  9. 

May  20,  bill  at  6  months $120 

"25,      "      6       "      310 

June  6,      "      6       "      150 

"16,      "      6       "      270 

"25,      "      6       "      340 

Instruction.— The  answer  to  this  question  is  obtained  by  the  same  pro- 
cess as  in  the  previous  question,  with  this  difiference  only — the  amount  is  due 
sLx  months  after  the  equated  time.     Thus — 

120  X  0  ==          0 

310  X  5  =:=     1550 

150  X  16  =    2400 

270  X  26  =     7020 

340  X  35  ~  11900 

1190  -^  22870^=19. 

The  quotient  is  19  days  from  May  20,  which  is  June  9  ;  this  is  the  date 
at  which  the  six  months  commences,  therefore  the  answer  is  Dec.  9. 

Example  4. — Suppose  the  following  sums  to  be  on  the  Dr.  side  of  John 
Stevens,  account,  when  is  the  total  due  ? 

1869. 

May  11,  Cash $50  00 

''     29,  Our  Note,  due  Aug.  29,  '59 112  77 

"     30,  Cash 150  00 

June     6,  Merchandise,  per  Bill  rendered 21  76 

"     25,  Merchandise,      "  "         23  00 

July     4,  J.  Jones'  Draft  at  sight 200  00 

Total 557  53 

Instruction. — Multiply  each  sum  by  the  number  of  days  in   which  it 


MERCANTILE   CALCULATIONS. 


141 


will  be  due  from  and  after  the  first  date  (May  11),  and  divide  the  amount 

of  the  products  by  the  total ;   the  quotient  will  be  so  many  days  after 
May  11.     Thus— 

50    X  0    — 

113    X  110   —   12,430 

150    X  19    —     2,850 

22  X  26   —        572 

23  X  45   =^      1,035 
200    X  54    —    10,800 


558  -^        )  27,687  (49  days  after  May  11  =  June  30. 

Ans.  Total,  $557.53  ;  due  June  30,  '59. 

Example  5. — It  has  become  very  much  the  custom  to  average  accounts, 
and  thereby  to  show  whm  the  balance  is  due,  instead  of  calculating  inter- 
est on  each  sum  and  making  a  balance  due  at  the  time  the  account  is 
made  out. 

When  is  the  balance  of  the  following  account  due  ? 


Dr. 


John  Paul  in  Acer,  with  Smith  &  Marsh. 


Cr. 


1859. 

May 


IBfiO. 


For  Merchdse.  at  6  raos., 
due  Nov.  4,  '59 


".ilnnce  due  Mar.  12,  '60. 


$600 


GOO 


00 


00 


$200  00 


1859. 

Sept 
Dec. 


1 

31 


For  Cash 

Balance  due  March  12,  '60 


1 


$400 
200 


600 


00 
00 

00 


Rule. — Always  calculate  from  the  date  of  the  larger  side — calling  that 
the  debt,  and  the  other  side  a  payment  on  account  of  it.  Multiply  the 
amount  of  the  small  side  by  the  number  of  days  that  intervene  between 
its  date  and  the  date  of  the  larger  side,  and  divide  the  product  by  the 
balance  of  the  account ;  the  quotient  will  be  the  number  of  days  before  or 
after  the  date  on  which  the  larger  side  is  due. 


Calculation — 


$400 
64  The  days  that  intervene. 


The  Balance.  .$200  )  25,600 


128 .  .days  after  Nov.  4,  equal  to  Mar.  12,  '60. 

If  the  payment  is  made  before  the  debt  is  due,  the  balance  will  be  due 
after  the  debt  was  due  ;  and  vice  versa. 

Ill  this  case  the  payment  ($400)  was  made  64  days  before  the  debt  of 
$600  was  due  ;  therefore  the  balance  has  to  run  128  days  after  Novem- 
ber 4,  and  becomes  due  March  12. 


M 


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142 


MERCANTILE    CALCULATIONS. 


i! ' 


I 


Example  G. — When  an  account  contains  several  sums,  each  side  must  be 
averaged  separately,  so  as  to  fix  a  date  to  the  amount  of  each  side  ;  the 
case  will  then  be  like  Example  5. 


When  is  the  balance  of  the  following  account  due  ? 


Dr. 


[From  the  Leger— folio  5.] 
John  Stevens  in  Acct.  with  Smith  &  Marsh.  Cr. 


1869. 

May 


u 

June 
July 

July 


11 

id 


30 

6 

25 


For  Cash 

For  our  Note,  due  Aug. 

29,  'od 

For  Cash 

For  ^lerchandise,  por  Bill 
For  Merchandise,  per  Bill 
-1  For  J.  Jones's  Dratt,at  si't 


31 


Total  due  June  30 

Balance  due  April  13,  '59 


$  50 

112 

150 
21 
23 

200 


557 
55 


612 


00 

77| 
00 
76' 

oo| 

00 

53 
24 

77 


1859. 

May 


June 


25 

26 

17 


1869. 

July 


31 


For  Cash 

For  Merchdse.  at  3  inos., 

due  August  29,  '59.. 

For  Cash 

Total  due  June  23 


$200 

112 

300 

(J  1 2 


Balance  due  April  13,  '59 


612 


$  55 


00 

77 
00 

77 


76 


24 


Instruction. — Each  side  of  the  above  account  must  be  averaged  sepa- 
rately (as  in  Example  4),  which  reduces  the  account  to  the  condition  of 
Example  5.  The  totals  fall  due  as  above — June  30  and  June  23.  Now 
the  question  is,  when  is  the  balance  of  the  account  due  ? 

EuLE. — Always  calculate  from  the  date  of  the  larger  side— calling  thai 
the  debt,  and  the  other  side  a  payvient  on  acwunt  of  it. 

Multiply  the  amount  of  the  smaller  side  by  the  number  of  days  that 
intervene  between  its  date  and  the  date  of  the  larger  side,  and  divide  the 
product  by  the  balance  of  the  account ;  the  quotient  will  be  the  number  of 
days  hefore  or  after  the  date  on  which  the  larger  side  is  due. 


Calculation — 


$557 

7  days  that  intervene. 


The  Balance 55)3,899(71  days  before  June  23  — equal  to 

April  13,  1859. 

The  payment  or$557  was  made  7  days  after  the  debt  of  $612  was  due; 
therefore  the  balance  averages  due  71  days  before  June  23. 

XoTE. — If  an  account-current  were  made  out  with  interest  calculated  on 
each  sum  of  the  account  up  to  the  date  on  which  the  balance  averages  due, 
the  Dr.  and  Cr.  interests  would  equal  ;  because  at  that  date  the  balance  is 
due  and  no  interest  arises  to  either  party. 

finis. 


MAIiSirS  WORKS  ON  BOOK-KEEPING. 

The  publishers  solicit  attention  to  this  series  of  works  on  Book-Keep* 
ing,  believing  them  to  possess  the  following  peculiar  and  valid  claims  to  the 
consideration  of  all  who  feel  interested  in  a  branch  of  knowledge  of  such 
growing  importance  as  that  of  Accounts, 
1st.    They  are  complete  and  original  works. 

2d.  They  present  a  new  and  simple  theory  of  the  science  of  Double-En- 
try Book-Keeping,  substituting  one  practical  rule  in  journalizing,  and 
discarding  numerous  rules  and  divisions  with  which  the  science  has 
been  encumbered  for  centuries. 

3d.  The  explanations  contained  in  the  works  are  very  full,  and  are  so  ar- 
ranged as  to  follow  and  direct  the  learner  or  reader  in  all  the  opera- 
tions connected  with  a  set  of  books. 

4th.  The  works  embrace  complete  and  better  routines  of  business  and 
mercantile  affairs  than  any  works  on  the  subject  heretofore  published. 

5th.  The  contents  of  the  works  are  arranged  so  as  to  form  a  regular  course 
of  practice  for  the  student  to  pass  through. 

6th.  They  are  printed  in  colors,  red  and  black,  so  as  to  show  the  balancing 
entries,  lines,  &c.,  in  red  as  in  good  practice  in  the  counting-house. 

7th.  They  are  gotten  up  in  a  style  far  superior  to  any  others  on  the  sub- 
ject in  the  world,  and  at  the  same  time  they  cost  no  more  than  others 
of  equal  magnitude. 

I.   THE    SCIENCE    OF    DOUBLE-ENTRY     BOOK-KEEPING, 

SIMPLIFIED    BY    THE    APPLICATION    OF    AN    INFALLIBLE     RuLE    FOR 

Journalizing  ;  calculated  to  insure  a  complete  knowledge  of  the 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Accounts,  being  a  series  of  well-selected  mer- 
cantile transactions ;  including  numerous  examples  of  mercantile  cal- 
culations, and  an  Original  Diagram,  showing  the  relation  the  account- 
books  bear  to  each  other.     By  C.  C.  Marsh. 

Octavo,  printed  in  colors,  232  pages.     Bound  and  gilt,  price,  $1.50. 

This  work  contains  a  complete  and  beautiful  set  of  Account-Books  and 
Mercantile  Forms,  all  printed  in  colors  (showing  the  balancing  entries  and 
lines  in  red,  as  in  practice),  and  about  100  pages  of  familiar  explanations, 
dated  to  apply  directly  to  every  entry  and  transaction  in  the  account-books 
before  mentioned.  These  elucidations  are  so  arranged  that  they,  like  an 
attentive  teacher,  attend  on,  follow,  and  direct  all  the  operations  connected 
with  a  set  of  account-books  from  the  opening  to  the  closing  of  the  same. 
The  Mercantile  Calculations  embrace  examples  in  Discount  and  Inter- 
est, Insurance,  Equation  of  Payments,  Exchanges,  &c.  The  work 
has  a  copious  Index,  and  is  admirably  adapted  for  private  instruction  as 
well  as  for  schools  and  teachers. 


>'  i  1 
'J 

n 


i  t 


II.  LA  CIENCIA  DE  TENEDURIA  DE  LIBR08  SIMPLIFI- 
CADA  poii  LA  Aplicacion  de  una  Regla  Infalible,  etc. 
Por  C.  C.  Marsh.  Precio,  Sl.oJ). 

The  above  is  a  translation  of  the  preceding  work  into  the  Spanish  lan- 
guage.    Published  in  same  style. 

III.  A  COURSE  OF   PRACTICE   IN   SINGLE  ENTRY  BOOK- 

KEP^PING,  IMPROVED    BY    A    PrOOF    OR    BALANCE  AND    APPLIED 

TO  Partnership  Business  ;  comprising  a  series  of  mercantile 
transactions  arranged  to  form  a  course  of  practice,  adapted  to  the 
wholesale  and  retail  business  in  the  United  States.     By  C.  C.  Marsh. 

Octavo,  142  pages,  printed  in  colors.     Price,  $1. 

This  work  embraces  a  complete  set  of  books  filled  with  a  great  variety 
of  business,  and  a  thorough  course  of  instruction  in  keeping  books  by  Sin- 
gle Entry,  and  balancing  and  in  closing  the  same  ;  making  balance  sheets, 
calculating  profits  and  losses,  and  in  dividing  or  apportioning  the  capital 
between  partners.  The  course  of  practice  through  which  the  student  is 
conducted  by  progressive  steps,  embraces  more  than  one  hundred  good 
business  transactions  which  are  disposed  of  in  a  complete  set  of  account- 
books.  The  work  has  a  copious  Index,  and  will  be  found  perfectly  clear 
to  the  adult  reader. 

IV.  CURSO  PRACTICO  DE  TENEDURIA  DE  LIBROS  POR 
PARTIDA  SENCILLA,  con  la  majora  de  un  Balance- 
Prueba,  etc.     Impresion  de  colores.     Por  C.  C.  Marsh. 

Octavo,  144  pages.     Precio  $1.50. 

This  is  a  translation  of  the  preceding  work  into  the  Spanish  language. 

V.  BLANK  BOOKS  IN  SETS  FOR  PRACTICE  IN  BOOK- 
KEEPING, with  Instructions.  Six  books  to  the  set.  Arranjred 
by  C.  C.  Marsh.  Cap  size,  price  per  set,  $1. 

A  very  neat  and  appropriate  set  of  Blank  Books  for  pupils  in  Book- 
Keeping,  adapted  to  Marsh's  works  on  Double  and  Single  Entry  Book 
Keeping. 

VL  THE  THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  BANK  BOOK-KEEP 
ING,  AND  Joint  Stock  Accounts  ;  Exemplified  and  Elucidated 
in  a  Complete  Set  of  Account-Books,  Printed  in  Colors,  arranged  in 
accordance  with  the  Principles  of  Double  Entry,  and  embracing  the 
Routine  of  Business  from  the  Organization  of  a  Company,  to  the 
Declaration  of  a  Dividend,  with  all  the  Forms  and  Details,  and  an 
Original  Diagram.     By  C.  C.  Marsh. 

This  is  the  first  and  only  work  j)ubli8hed  in  this  country  or  in  Europe, 
exemplifying  Book-Keeping  in  Banks  and  Joined  Stock  Companies.  Sec- 
ond edition,  1  vol.,  quarto,  292  pages.  Bound  and  gilt,  published  in  the 
best  style.  Price  $4. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

34G  and  348  Broadway,  New  York. 


*,? 


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^?ltl/in?.!l?;,H^.',yf  "SITY  LIBRARIES 


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MAR  011994 


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END  OF 

TITI  P— 

III      Biiiiiii  ■^■■111 


